Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Alternative dispute resolution definition

What does Alternative dispute resolution mean? Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) describes processes used to resolve disputes without issuing or continuing court proceedings. Common forms include negotiation, mediation, early neutral evaluation, expert determination, adjudication (particularly in construction), ombudsman schemes and, in many UK and Irish contexts, arbitration. ADR is a descriptive term rather than a single statutory definition. Individual processes are governed by legislation and court rules. In England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, courts encourage ADR through procedural rules and case law, with potential costs sanctions for unreasonable refusal to engage. In Ireland, the Mediation Act 2017 promotes mediation and requires solicitors to advise...

Judicial tenders in multi‑party Scottish civil litigation: separate pursuer tenders, conditionality, expenses implications, and Williamson/Houston tenders

Published by a LexisNexis Dispute Resolution expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note examines judicial tenders in the setting of Scottish civil actions involving multiple parties, in particular where a plurality of parties is present.

It outlines sources of related guidance and mechanisms.

For guidance on the following, see:

additional matters concerning judicial tenders in Scotland, see Practice Notes: Tenders in Scottish civil litigation—nature, purpose and expenses implications, and Making and responding to judicial tenders in Scottish civil litigation
alternative extra-judicial settlement routes in Scottish civil proceedings, see Practice Notes: Alternative dispute resolution in Scotland, and Pursuers’ offers in Scottish civil proceedings
the nearest counterpart in civil proceedings in England and Wales, see Settlement and settling disputes—overview, which summarises the subject and links to detailed guidance on settlement options in England and Wales, including Practice Notes: Settling disputes—settlement offers (Calderbank, WPSAC and Part 36) and Without prejudice communications

Multiple pursuers—separate tenders

Frequently, there are actions in which more than one pursuer is involved, each advancing a distinct crave, or conclusion.

This situation commonly arises, for example, where family members seek damages for the death of a relative.

Where a defender intends to resolve each pursuer’s claim by lodging a tender, a separate tender must be made to each pursuer, which...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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