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United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Key definition
Characterisation definition What does Characterisation mean? In nuclear regulation and decommissioning practice, characterisation means the systematic identification, measurement and recording of the nature, quantity and properties of nuclear material and radioactive waste, and the determination of the detailed state and condition of a nuclear site (including radiological, chemical and physical aspects). It provides the evidence base for safety cases, decommissioning and remediation strategies, environmental permits, transport classification, waste acceptance, and nuclear material accountancy and safeguards reporting. The term is descriptive and widely used in regulatory guidance, licence conditions and permit requirements rather than being expressly defined in primary legislation or case law. Nevertheless, characterisation duties...
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Murabaha under United Kingdom law: sales/consumer protections, contractual characterisation, and taxation (Alternative Finance Rules, corporation/income and withholding taxes, VAT, and SDLT/LTT/LBTT), including commodity Murabaha
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Practice notes
During the development of the Murabaha structure for the UK, practitioners recognised that its Novelty would inevitably create some uncertainty. Consequently, they aimed to embed features that would assist courts when construing Murabaha arrangements. They also acknowledged that conventional legal systems and Shari’ah approach Murabaha in distinct ways. This divergence did not deter Islamic finance participants from advancing the Murabaha agreement; even closely related legal systems, such as the English system, can reach different views on transactions and structures. Accordingly, Islamic finance specialists have crafted Murabaha contracts and other instruments so that they operate under both Shari’ah and the pertinent conventional legal frameworks. The differing readings of Murabaha under conventional law and Shari’ah reflect contrasts in historical evolution and emphasis. In the UK, funders and customers have built a framework around the notion that money can be treated as an asset, creating a market in money itself. Islamic finance rejects that foundational premise, and Islamic financial models place the emphasis on transferring non-monetary assets. This orientation introduces particular considerations that a standard loan would usually not. As a consequence, questions of Characterisation and practical implementation arise in practice, demanding careful consideration by the courts...
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Web page updated on 21/05/2026
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Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...
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