Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Data definition

What does Data mean? In legal practice, data describes information recorded in any form—especially electronically stored information (ESI)—organised or capable of being organised for a particular purpose, and capable of being processed or transmitted. It covers structured and unstructured material such as database entries, spreadsheets, emails and messaging content, documents, images, audio/video, metadata, system logs, backups and cloud-stored content. Data is not defined in the Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales (nor generally in equivalent court rules), which instead use the broad concept of a document as anything in which information is recorded, encompassing electronic data and metadata. Statutes define data contextually: UK GDPR...

Data Protection Act 2018: UK GDPR interaction, DUAA 2025 reforms, exemptions, special category and criminal data, ICO powers, offences and enforcement: A practitioner guide

Published by a LexisNexis Information Law expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note provides an overview of the UK’s Data protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018). For a broader primer on data protection law in the UK, see Practice Note: Data protection law—new starter guide. The UK data protection law collection brings together wider guidance and is a suggested first port of call for Research.

In brief

In summary, the DPA 2018 currently governs:

the Processing of personal Data within the UK GDPR framework, complementing the core rules laid down in the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR), with extra measures covering:
- lawful basis for processing
- processing on the basis of relevant international law
- processing special categories of personal data and criminal offence data
- credit reference agencies
- accreditation of certification providers
- certain contractual terms relating to health records
- exemptions from generally applicable obligations under the UK GDPR regime
- specific laws relating to children’s consent in Scotland
- transitional changes following Brexit
the processing of personal data by competent authorities for law enforcement purposes (DPA 2018, ss 29–81 (Part 3) set out a distinct regime that is separate from the UK GDPR), and
the

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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