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Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom
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Key definition
Data protection definition

What does Data protection mean? In legal practice, data protection describes the rules governing how organisations collect, use, share, retain and secure personal data, including employees’ information. In the UK this regime is set by the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018; in Ireland by the EU GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (Ireland). The label is descriptive; core concepts (personal data, controller, processor, special category data) and obligations are defined in legislation. In employment, the employer is typically the controller and must identify a lawful basis (for example, contract, legal obligation or legitimate interests) and, for special category data,...

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EU GDPR in the UK (2018–2020): archived article-by-article navigator mapping to DPA 2018, ICO and EDPB guidance

Practice notes
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ARCHIVED: This retired Practice Note outlines details about the EU General Data protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the GDPR), as it operated in the UK before 11 pm on 31 December 2020. From that point, it is retained strictly for background purposes only and is no longer updated or maintained. For advice on the amendments to UK data protection law introduced by the replacement UK GDPR from that date, consult Practice Notes: The UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR), The UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR)—Navigator and Brexit—implications for data protection [Archived].

Brexit

On 31 January 2020, the UK left the EU and entered an Implementation period up to 11 pm on 31 December 2020, during which it remained bound by EU law for the entire Duration of that period. Throughout that time, the EU General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the GDPR), continued to apply in the UK, and the UK was broadly regarded as an EU (and EEA) state for EEA and UK data protection law purposes. Accordingly, any mention of EEA or EU states in this Practice Note should be interpreted as also covering the UK until the close of the implementation period. For...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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