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Key definition
Communication definition

What does Communication mean? Communication, in telecoms legal practice, describes the content and signalling carried by a telecommunications service or system, whether exchanged between persons, between a person and a thing (for example, a device), or between things (machine-to-machine). In UK legislation (notably the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 and the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000), the term is defined broadly to include: (a) anything comprising speech, music, sounds, visual images or data of any description; and (b) signals serving to impart anything between such endpoints or to actuate or control apparatus. Irish communications legislation and EU-derived e-privacy rules adopt similarly wide,...

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Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) Practice: Jurisdiction, Procedure and Appeals for Property Cases, Including Electronic Communications Code, Restrictive and Conservation Covenants, Rights of Light, Compensation, Costs and Enforcement (England and Wales)

Practice notes
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This Practice Note sets out the procedures and approach for property-related matters in the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) (UT), and identifies the types of cases the UT may hear. These include: claims brought under the Electronic Communications Code; applications to vary or remove restrictive covenants; matters concerning rights of light; and appeals from the First-tier Tribunal, the Valuation Tribunal in England, and the Residential Property, Leasehold Valuation and Agricultural Land Tribunals in Wales...

The Tribunals system

The Tribunals system offers a dispute resolution forum that complements, and forms part of, the wider court framework. It is administered by HM Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS) and is governed by the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (TCEA 2007). Part 1 of TCEA 2007 created a two-tier structure made up of the First-tier Tribunals and the Upper Tribunals. A chart illustrating the tribunal tiers and the available appeal pathways is available on the Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website. For details on the UT’s composition, see Composition of Tribunals: Practice statement. Judges of the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) (UT) are automatically deemed to also be judges of the First-tier Tribunal (Property...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

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