Windsor Framework: UK-EU legal regime for Northern Ireland trade—green lane customs, agrifood, parcels, VAT/excise, medicines, plants, subsidy control and the Stormont Brake
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Introduction
On 27 February 2023, UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen agreed new arrangements governing Northern Ireland’s post‑Brexit regime. Branded the Windsor Framework, it revises the Northern Ireland Protocol, a component of the Withdrawal Agreement concluded between the UK and the EU when the UK departed the bloc. The UK government has issued a Command Paper detailing the Framework’s measures. The corresponding legal instruments, embodying the political accord, have also been released. Decision No 1/2023 of the Joint Committee gives the Framework legal force, and the Northern Ireland Protocol is now referred to as the Windsor Framework. For practical guidance on Decision No 1/2023 of the Joint Committee, see Practice Note: Joint Decision for Windsor Package to commence. The purpose of the Windsor Framework is to secure the seamless movement of goods between the UK and Northern Ireland, whilst ensuring the integrity of the EU’s internal market is preserved. It also seeks to protect Northern Ireland’s position within the United Kingdom, while simultaneously tackling the application of EU rules in...
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Web page updated on 22/05/2026
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