Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Ownership definition

What does Ownership mean? In legal practice, ownership describes who has the bundle of rights over property: to possess, use, enjoy income, exclude others, transfer, or charge it, subject to law and third‑party rights (such as easements/servitudes, leases and security interests). It is a descriptive expression used across contexts (land, goods, shares, intellectual property), rather than a single statutory definition, though related concepts are defined in legislation and case law (for example, beneficial ownership in anti‑money laundering/PSC regimes and land registration rules). Across England & Wales, Northern Ireland and Ireland, lawyers commonly distinguish legal ownership (title shown on a register, deed or share register) from...

Third party access to exempt private electricity networks in Great Britain: procedures, reinforcement, Ofgem determinations, charges and connection duties under Electricity Act 1989 Schedule 2ZA

Published by a LexisNexis Energy expert

Practice notes

What is the background to third party access to private electricity networks?

Over time, successive UK measures and, before the UK’s withdrawal from the EU (see: Brexit: Energy—overview), European legislation have driven the unbundling of electricity retail from the Ownership and operation of Monopoly networks. Users connected to networks exempt from these duties did not share meaningfully in the uplift in retail competition. So‑called ‘private wires’ sit within many types of estate—from industrial parks and hospitals to University campuses and airports—and also arise in certain new‑build energy or multi‑utility services company arrangements and models. In Citiworks AG v Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit als Landesregulierungsbehörde, the Court of Justice of the European Union (formerly the European Court of Justice) voiced concerns about the impact of such exemptions on the integration of European energy markets and decided that customers must be able to access alternative energy supplies. The stance was later clarified and reinforced in the EU’s Third Package of internal electricity market measures in Directive 2009/72/EC (the Electricity Directive). For further background and context on the EU electricity market, see Practice Notes: EU electricity system—structure and legal framework and EU electricity system—wholesale markets...

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Matthew Collinson

Matt has specialised in energy and infrastructure projects since 2006, including in City practice and as an industry consultant. He has spent more than half his career as a general counsel in regulated energy supply and network businesses, and has written extensively on regulation of the gas and electricity sectors....

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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