Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Rules definition

What does Rules mean? Rules describes the written provisions that govern how a pension scheme operates—especially occupational pension schemes—usually contained in, or annexed to, the trust deed (trust deed and rules). Legislation refers to these as scheme rules (for example, Pensions Act 1995 and Pensions Act 2004 in the UK, and the Pensions Act 1990 in Ireland). Scheme rules set out eligibility, benefit structure (defined benefit or defined contribution), contributions, service and accrual, retirement options and ages, revaluation/indexation, ill‑health and death benefits, transfers in and out, leaver provisions, forfeiture, augmentation, priority on winding‑up, discretions and decision‑making, and the scheme’s amendment and termination powers. They also...

Archived: TTIP and TPP/CPTPP—news and analysis on negotiations, ISDS and the Investment Court System (2014–2018)

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Practice notes

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and no longer maintained.

The Transatlantic Treaty Investment Partnership (TTIP)

The Transatlantic Treaty Investment Partnership (TTIP) was envisaged as a far‑reaching EU–US accord on trade and investment, intended to set common rules across virtually every area of transatlantic commerce and capital flows.

It aimed to liberalise trade in the vast majority of goods, creating duty‑free access across both markets. In practice, EU products would incur no import duty on entry to the US, which would make EU goods cheaper within the EU. Conversely, US items would become less expensive in the EU, intensifying competition with goods manufactured in the EU (see News Analysis: Should civil society be concerned by the TTIP?).

Although a range of criticisms has been raised, the element drawing the greatest scrutiny is the Investor‑State Dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism, which has prompted numerous claims, including that it undermines democracy (see News Analysis: TTIPping the balance—the crusade against investor‑state arbitration).

This Practice Note brings together our news coverage on this significant topic and provides links to the analysis published by...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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