Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

Sanctions definition

What does Sanctions mean? Sanctions are the penalties or procedural consequences a court imposes in civil litigation when a party fails to comply with procedural rules, practice directions or court orders. Common sanctions include striking out or dismissing a claim or defence, debarring a party from relying on evidence or experts, costs orders (including indemnity or wasted costs), stays, unless orders with automatic strike-out on non-compliance, and, in serious cases, contempt remedies. In England and Wales, sanctions are imposed under the Civil Procedure Rules (for example CPR r.3.1, r.3.4, r.3.5, r.32.10 and r.3.14). A party may seek relief from sanctions under CPR r.3.9,...

Sanctions and enforcement under the UK and EU GDPR regimes: supervisory authorities, one-stop shop, investigative/corrective powers, fines, compensation, criminal offences, appeals, and DUAA 2025 updates

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Practice notes

STOP PRESS:

On 19 June 2025 the Data (Use and Access) Bill secured Royal Assent, was enacted as the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025), and took partial effect immediately. Provisions dealing with, among other things, handling data subject access requests and granting powers to make further regulations commenced on 19 June 2025. Measures relating to Information Commissioner notices and elements of law Enforcement processing started on 19 August 2025, two months after Royal Assent. Most of the Act still awaits commencement via additional statutory instruments. Parts 5 and 6 update elements of UK Data protection and ePrivacy law, touching the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR), the Data Protection Act 2018, and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/2426. Most Part 5 measures are scheduled to commence on 5 February 2026 under the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No 6 and...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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