Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Personal data definition

What does Personal data mean? In data protection practice, personal data is any information that identifies, or could identify, a living person. The term is defined in the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (UK), and in Ireland by the EU GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (Ireland), and is used consistently across the UK and Ireland. A person can be identified directly (for example, by name or an ID number) or indirectly, using data that, alone or with other information reasonably likely to be used by the controller or another person, singles them out (such as location data, online identifiers, or factors...

International personal data transfers under the UK and EU GDPR: Chapter V restrictions, adequacy, Article 46 tools, Schrems II assessments, derogations, transparency and sanctions

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Practice notes

This Practice Note sets out the restriction in Chapter V of the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR), and Chapter V of the EU General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR), concerning the movement of Personal data beyond the UK or the EEA or to international organisations. ‘Assimilated law’ is the term applied to retained EU law (REUL) that continues to have effect after the close of 2023. Re-labelling REUL (and related expressions) as assimilated law signals a shift in its standing and handling under UK law, meaning it is, in general, to be read in line with ordinary domestic rules and principles. From 1 January 2024, REUL is treated as ‘assimilated’ within domestic law because, in broad terms, it is divested of EU-derived interpretative effects (eg the supremacy of EU law, directly effective rights, and general principles formerly preserved under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018). For further details, see Practice Note: Assimilated law and News Analysis: Implications of the move to ‘assimilated’ law, and the Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Act 2023, for data protection lawyers. For assistance on whether decisions of the Court of Justice are binding on...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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