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Sanctions definition

What does Sanctions mean? Sanctions are the penalties or procedural consequences a court imposes in civil litigation when a party fails to comply with procedural rules, practice directions or court orders. Common sanctions include striking out or dismissing a claim or defence, debarring a party from relying on evidence or experts, costs orders (including indemnity or wasted costs), stays, unless orders with automatic strike-out on non-compliance, and, in serious cases, contempt remedies. In England and Wales, sanctions are imposed under the Civil Procedure Rules (for example CPR r.3.1, r.3.4, r.3.5, r.32.10 and r.3.14). A party may seek relief from sanctions under CPR r.3.9,...

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UK GDPR enforcement and sanctions: a practitioners' guide to ICO powers, notices, fines, appeals, compensation and criminal offences (including DUAA 2025 changes)

Practice notes
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STOP PRESS:

On 19 June 2025, the Data (Use and Access) Bill secured Royal Assent, becoming the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025) and taking partial effect that day. Certain DUAA 2025 provisions—covering issues such as handling data subject access requests and granting powers to make additional regulations—took effect immediately on 19 June 2025. Other provisions, relating to notices from the Information Commissioner and elements of law Enforcement processing, commenced on 19 August 2025 (two months after Royal Assent). The majority of DUAA 2025’s provisions require further regulations (in the form of statutory instruments) before they can be brought into force. Parts 5 and 6 of DUAA 2025 amend aspects of UK Data protection and ePrivacy law, including the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR), the Data Protection Act 2018 and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/2426. The bulk of the provisions in Part 5 will take effect on 5 February 2026 by virtue of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No 6 and...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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