Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Personal data definition

What does Personal data mean? In data protection practice, personal data is any information that identifies, or could identify, a living person. The term is defined in the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (UK), and in Ireland by the EU GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (Ireland), and is used consistently across the UK and Ireland. A person can be identified directly (for example, by name or an ID number) or indirectly, using data that, alone or with other information reasonably likely to be used by the controller or another person, singles them out (such as location data, online identifiers, or factors...

UK GDPR international transfers: adequacy regulations, Article 46 tools (SCCs/BCRs), UK-US Data Bridge, TRAs/data protection test, derogations, and enforcement risks

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Practice notes

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This Practice Note offers a detailed examination of cross-border transfers under the United Kingdom General Data protection Regulation, Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR). On this topic, there are marked parallels between the UK GDPR and the EU General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR), and the emphasis here is on the UK GDPR position. For background on the UK GDPR and how it sits alongside the EU GDPR, consult Practice Note: The UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR)—Summary of key legislation. For discussion of comparable questions under the EU GDPR, see Practice Note: EU GDPR—transfers of Personal data internationally and to international organisations. Be aware that the framework for international transfers in Chapter V of the UK GDPR has most recently been modified by the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (refer to Practice Note: The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025—Reforms to support international transfers of personal data). For guidance on whether Court of Justice judgments bind UK courts, including Schrems II, see Practice Note: Assimilated law—Assimilated case law and News Analysis: Implications of the move to ‘assimilated’ law, and points to related materials addressing comparable EU GDPR matters and recent statutory reforms in detail...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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