Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Rules definition

What does Rules mean? Rules describes the written provisions that govern how a pension scheme operates—especially occupational pension schemes—usually contained in, or annexed to, the trust deed (trust deed and rules). Legislation refers to these as scheme rules (for example, Pensions Act 1995 and Pensions Act 2004 in the UK, and the Pensions Act 1990 in Ireland). Scheme rules set out eligibility, benefit structure (defined benefit or defined contribution), contributions, service and accrual, retirement options and ages, revaluation/indexation, ill‑health and death benefits, transfers in and out, leaver provisions, forfeiture, augmentation, priority on winding‑up, discretions and decision‑making, and the scheme’s amendment and termination powers. They also...

VIAC Arbitration Rules 2021: Tribunal Powers—Procedure, Jurisdiction, Interim and Conservatory Measures, Security for Costs, Applicable Law and Awards

Published by a LexisNexis Arbitration expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note examines the scope of the arbitral tribunal’s powers in arbitrations commenced under the Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC) arbitration rules 2021 (the Vienna rules). The Vienna Rules 2021 came into force on 1 July 2021 and apply to any proceedings started on or after that date. If your arbitration proceeds under the Vienna Rules 2018, effective from 1 January 2018, ensure you consult the prior version of the rules.

Conducting the proceedings

The Vienna Rules grant the tribunal significant latitude in managing the procedure. Although it must honour any agreement between the parties, treat them fairly, and safeguard their right to be heard, the tribunal may adapt the process to the case’s particular needs (Vienna Rules, art 28). Other responsibilities of the tribunal under the Vienna Rules include:

setting the timetable and the number of written submissions, and fixing the hearing date (to be done by a sole arbitrator or the chairman) (Vienna Rules, art 30(2))
deciding whether an oral hearing is held in person or by alternative (virtual) means (Vienna Rules, art 30(2))

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Dr Michael Nueber

Nueber Konzett Rechtsanwälte

Michael Nueber is a lawyer and notary public in the Principality of Liechtenstein.He also teaches as a professor of practice at the University of Liechtenstein and is a member of the International Advisory Board of the Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC). Being the author of more than 50 publications on foundation and civil procedure law, he is recognised by international lawyer rankings as one of the leading law experts in his field....

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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