Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Rules definition

What does Rules mean? Rules describes the written provisions that govern how a pension scheme operates—especially occupational pension schemes—usually contained in, or annexed to, the trust deed (trust deed and rules). Legislation refers to these as scheme rules (for example, Pensions Act 1995 and Pensions Act 2004 in the UK, and the Pensions Act 1990 in Ireland). Scheme rules set out eligibility, benefit structure (defined benefit or defined contribution), contributions, service and accrual, retirement options and ages, revaluation/indexation, ill‑health and death benefits, transfers in and out, leaver provisions, forfeiture, augmentation, priority on winding‑up, discretions and decision‑making, and the scheme’s amendment and termination powers. They also...

Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC) Arbitration Rules 2021: background, structure, administration, and key features (costs, remote hearings, advance on costs, investment cases, third‑party funding, domestic arbitrations, VIAC Portal)

Published by a LexisNexis Arbitration expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note explores the background and structure of the Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC) and its arbitration rules 2021 (the Vienna rules). With effect from 1 July 2021, the VIAC Rules are arranged in three parts: Part I, the Vienna Rules or Vienna Arbitration Rules; Part II, the Vienna Mediation Rules; and Part III, the Appendices to both sets of rules. Collectively, these are referred to as the Vienna Rules and Vienna Mediation Rules 2021. The Vienna Rules and Vienna Mediation Rules entered into force on 1 July 2021 and apply to all proceedings begun on or after that date. If your arbitration proceeds under the Vienna Rules 2018, which took effect on 1 January 2018, make sure you consult the earlier version of the rules.

The development of the Vienna Rules

Founded in 1975 as a division of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, VIAC is the premier arbitral institution in Central and South-Eastern Europe and is among the leading institutions worldwide. Since then, it has administered more than 1,600 cases under its rules, commonly known as the Vienna Rules...

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Dr Michael Nueber

Nueber Konzett Rechtsanwälte

Michael Nueber is a lawyer and notary public in the Principality of Liechtenstein.He also teaches as a professor of practice at the University of Liechtenstein and is a member of the International Advisory Board of the Vienna International Arbitral Centre (VIAC). Being the author of more than 50 publications on foundation and civil procedure law, he is recognised by international lawyer rankings as one of the leading law experts in his field....

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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