Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Enforcement definition

What does Enforcement mean? Enforcement is the practical process of making a court order, judgment, decree or arbitral award take effect when the party bound has not complied by the deadline. It involves applying for, and using, court-sanctioned measures to secure compliance or recover sums due, including where permission is required. The term is descriptive rather than a single statutory definition; the available remedies depend on the jurisdiction and the nature of the order. England and Wales: governed mainly by CPR Parts 70–73, including writ/warrant of control, third party debt orders, charging orders (and orders for sale), attachment of earnings, possession and delivery up, appointment...

CMA Phase 2 decision: unconditional clearance of VTech’s acquisition of LeapFrog in UK learning toys and child tablets; no SLC (2017)

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

CASE HUB ARCHIVED

This archived case hub reflects the position as at the decision date of 12 January 2017; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline and commentary...

Case facts

Outline UK merger review into the completed purchase by VTech Holdings Limited of LeapFrog Enterprises Inc. The deal features horizontal overlaps in UK markets for toddler electronic learning toys and children’s laptops/tablets...

Latest developments

On 12 January 2017, the CMA gave unconditional clearance to the transaction, confirming its provisional conclusions...

Parties

VTech Holdings Ltd (VTech), a Hong Kong-based business, is a worldwide supplier of electronic learning products from infancy through pre-school.
LeapFrog Enterprises Inc (LeapFrog), a US-based educational entertainment firm, designs, develops and sells technology-led learning products and related content for children from infancy into school years.

Background

On 5 February 2016, the parties announced VTech’s agreement to acquire LeapFrog for US$72m. Completion followed on 4 April 2016. The CMA issued an initial Enforcement order on 27 April 2016, with a further initial enforcement order on 12 May 2016. The CMA commenced its phase 1 merger investigation on 24 June 2016 (the invitation to...

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