Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Biofuels definition

What does Biofuels mean? In legal practice, biofuels describes liquid or gaseous transport fuels produced from biomass (for example, biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas), used either on their own or blended with conventional petrol or diesel (such as E10 or B7) for combustion engines. Usage is broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, though statutory language differs. In the UK, legislation primarily refers to “renewable transport fuel” under the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligations Order 2007 (as amended), which encompasses biofuels (including renewable jet fuels). In Ireland, “biofuel” is defined under the National Oil Reserves Agency Acts and the Biofuel Obligation Scheme implementing...

Energy from Waste: Key Technologies, Residual Municipal Waste, Environmental Considerations and the Proximity Principle

Published by a LexisNexis Energy expert

Practice notes

Energy from waste

Energy from waste describes usable power created by treating or processing waste materials through a range of technologies. Recyclables should be extracted first, with energy then recovered from the remaining refuse before treatment.

Incineration — in which the remaining waste is combusted and the captured energy used as electricity or heat.
Pyrolysis and gasification — heat the feed with minimal or no oxygen to yield a gas either for power generation, or subsequently as a feedstock to make methane, chemicals, biofuels or hydrogen.
Anaerobic digestion — microorganisms break down waste into methane-rich biogas that can be burned to produce electricity and heat, or upgraded to bio-methane. Best for wet organic or food wastes. A further output is biofertiliser.
Landfill gas — by capturing the landfill gas produced at landfill sites as waste decomposes.

Waste to energy (WtE), also called energy from waste (EfW), is a key approach to the management of waste that supplies a sustainable energy source. Using waste as a fuel offers notable environmental gains in many cases. It can deliver a safe, cost-effective means of disposing of waste and contributes to lowering overall CO2 emissions. Nonetheless, reuse, recycling and composting are still widely regarded...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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