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United Kingdom
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Key definition
Controls definition

What does Controls mean? In practice, controls are the user-facing settings (eg a cookie banner, preference centre or consent management platform) that let individuals accept, reject or later withdraw consent to cookies and similar tracking technologies. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute, but requirements flow from PECR (UK) and the ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (Ireland), read with the UK GDPR/GDPR standard for consent and regulator guidance (ICO, DPC, EDPB). Key features: - No non-essential cookies before consent; essential cookies only for a service the user requests. - Granular choices by purpose/vendor, with “accept all” and “reject all” presented with equal prominence; no...

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Extractive (Mining) Waste Regulation in England and Wales: Definitions, Exclusions and Waste Facility Classification under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016 and the Mining Waste Directive

Practice notes
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Legislative framework

Extractive and mining waste is chiefly governed in England and Wales via Schedule 20 to the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 (EPR 2016), SI 2016/1154. EPR 2016 implemented the original requirements of the Mining Waste Directive (MWD). It is the primary legislation for the environmental permitting and compliance regime applying across a range of activities and industries. EPR 2016 consolidated and revoked the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (EPR 2010), SI 2010/675.

What is ‘extractive waste’?

Material from extractive operations represents one of the largest waste streams in England and Wales. It includes substances removed to access mineral resources—without being processed—such as topsoil, overburden and waste rock, together with tailings (the material remaining after extracting valuable constituents from an ore). Although some of these wastes are inert and unlikely to pose a significant environmental risk, others—particularly those from the non‑ferrous metal mining industry—may contain substantial quantities of hazardous substances, including heavy metals.

Tailings

The management of tailings is inherently hazardous, often involving residual processing chemicals and elevated metal levels...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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