Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Controls definition

What does Controls mean? In practice, controls are the user-facing settings (eg a cookie banner, preference centre or consent management platform) that let individuals accept, reject or later withdraw consent to cookies and similar tracking technologies. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute, but requirements flow from PECR (UK) and the ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (Ireland), read with the UK GDPR/GDPR standard for consent and regulator guidance (ICO, DPC, EDPB). Key features: - No non-essential cookies before consent; essential cookies only for a service the user requests. - Granular choices by purpose/vendor, with “accept all” and “reject all” presented with equal prominence; no...

Plastic waste: policy, legislation and international controls across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, including single-use bans, EPR, packaging tax and deposit return schemes

Published by a LexisNexis Environment expert

Practice notes

Plastic waste—the problem

Across the globe, awareness of the issues linked to plastic and plastic waste is growing, especially in the marine environment, alongside a clearer grasp of how plastics break down and leach into nature.

Plastic waste seldom decomposes; it can remain for centuries in landfill, or become litter in the natural world, which then contaminates soils, rivers and oceans, and harms the wildlife that lives there.

There is also mounting evidence that microplastics (plastic particles smaller than 5 millimetres) negatively affect the health of humans and animals.

In March 2024, the House of Commons published a research briefing on plastic waste.

Within it, the climate and resources charity WRAP notes that about two-thirds of all plastic Packaging originates from consumer goods, with plastic bottles the largest single source.

An estimated 73% of plastic bottles produced in 2020/21 were collected from households for recycling.

Of the plastics present in the marine environment, single use items and household items including drinks bottles, caps and lids, cigarette butts, cotton buds, plastic bags, wrappers, packets and...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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