Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Enforcement definition

What does Enforcement mean? Enforcement is the practical process of making a court order, judgment, decree or arbitral award take effect when the party bound has not complied by the deadline. It involves applying for, and using, court-sanctioned measures to secure compliance or recover sums due, including where permission is required. The term is descriptive rather than a single statutory definition; the available remedies depend on the jurisdiction and the nature of the order. England and Wales: governed mainly by CPR Parts 70–73, including writ/warrant of control, third party debt orders, charging orders (and orders for sale), attachment of earnings, possession and delivery up, appointment...

Wildlife Offences in England: Birds, Protected Species and Plants; Invasive Species, Licensing, Attempts, Time Limits, Sentencing and Post-Brexit Amendments (WCA 1981, COTES 2018)

Published by a LexisNexis Corporate Crime expert

Practice notes

Wildlife offences

Criminal offences relating to harm to wildlife are mainly established by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (WCA 1981), alongside the following legislation:

Food and Environment Protection Act 1985
Wild Mammals (Protection) Act 1996
Deer Act 1991
Pests Act 1954
Poisons Act 1972

There are also EU and domestic laws enacted in line with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna, which govern the cross‑border trade of wild animals and plants. See Practice Notes: Species Protection and Illegal wildlife trade.

The National Wildlife Crime Unit is a strategic policing unit operating above individual force Activity. Its remit is to:

co‑ordinate Enforcement concerning cross‑border and organised crime at national and international levels
collate intelligence and provide analytical assessments

The CPS prosecutes these cases. Summary prosecutions must be commenced within six months of the date the offences came to light and, in any event, no more than two years after they were committed. See Practice Note: Time limits for commencing criminal proceedings...

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Jeremy Phillips , KC

FTB Chambers

As a leading barrister and former solicitor/partner in two international law firms, Jeremy represents companies, as well as government departments, councils, police forces and residents' groups across a unique range of associated legal disciplines.His strategic and organisational skills in planning / highways, regulation, licensing and mediation derive from working for many years at the highest levels in both professions.Qualified as solicitor in London in 1980. Partner Cartwrights (1982). Co-founder Holt Phillips (1984).Equity partner Eversheds (following merger with Holt Phillips) (1994). Partner Osborne Clarke (2001) on consolidation of Eversheds' South West practices in Cardiff. Leader of national teams in both firms. Called to the Bar in 2004. Chambers of Andrew Tait QC, Francis Taylor Building ('FTB'), Inner Temple (2006 - date). Accredited mediator - CEDR (2008). Bar Council accredited to accept Public (direct) Access work (2010 - date). Member of the Bar Council (2014 - 2015)...

Charles Forrest

FTB Chambers

Charles is a barrister at Francis Taylor Building (FTB) Chambers. His areas of practice include Planning and Environment; Public and Local Government including judicial review; Rights of Way, Highways and Traffic; Infrastructure; Compulsory Purchase and Compensation; Regulatory/Criminal; Protests, Injunctions, and Committal; Licensing, Police, and Anti-social Behaviour; Rating and Council Tax; Tort and Land (often with a planning dimension) He is regularly instructed by local authorities and other public bodies, large and small developers, action groups and similar, and individuals. He has appeared as sole counsel before the High Court, planning inquiries, enforcement inquiries, traffic inquiries, DCO issue specific hearings, the Valuation Tribunal, Crown Court, County Court, Magistrates’ Court, and Council sub-committees. ...

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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