Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Controls definition

What does Controls mean? In practice, controls are the user-facing settings (eg a cookie banner, preference centre or consent management platform) that let individuals accept, reject or later withdraw consent to cookies and similar tracking technologies. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute, but requirements flow from PECR (UK) and the ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (Ireland), read with the UK GDPR/GDPR standard for consent and regulator guidance (ICO, DPC, EDPB). Key features: - No non-essential cookies before consent; essential cookies only for a service the user requests. - Granular choices by purpose/vendor, with “accept all” and “reject all” presented with equal prominence; no...

World Heritage Sites and the Planning System in England and Wales: Policy, Setting, Procedural Requirements, Permitted Development, and Case Law

Published by a LexisNexis Planning expert

Practice notes

Importance of (WHSs)

The UK has ratified the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (the Convention). The World Heritage List is curated by the World Heritage Committee. World Heritage Sites (WHSs) are locations, landscapes, monuments or structures whose Outstanding Universal Value is recognised by humanity as a whole. Signatories to the Convention are obliged to identify, safeguard and conserve effectively their WHSs for future generations. Examples in the UK include Stonehenge, Kew Gardens, Maritime Greenwich, Canterbury Cathedral, Saltaire, Hadrian’s Wall, Jodrell Bank, the Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales, and the entirety of the City of Bath. UNESCO designation alone does not of itself impose extra statutory controls. Nevertheless, in England and Wales, protection arises via the planning system—as outlined below—and through overlapping designations, as components of WHSs are frequently listed buildings (see Listed buildings—overview) or scheduled monuments (see Scheduled monuments). The heritage importance of a WHS is termed its Outstanding Universal Value. This is commonly mirrored, at least in part, in the significance of any listed building or scheduled monument contained within it. Outstanding Universal Value denotes cultural and/or natural significance that is so exceptional, enduring and representative of shared heritage and collective human achievement...

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Stephen Morgan

Landmark Chambers

Stephen has always specialised in planning and related fields of law, having graduated in both law and planning. One of his main areas of practice is village greens and commons and he regularly sits as a village green Inspector as well as advising and appearing in relation to these matters. His experience, both as adviser and advocate, also covers the range of planning and related topics, including major infrastructure projects and in particular waste and energy facilities; his work covers the regulatory aspects (under the various regimes and Directives) as well as the planning issues. His practice covers the whole range of developments including large new settlements, along with other residential, commercial and mixed use developments of all scales.Stephen has regularly given presentations as part of the Landmark Chambers seminar series but also at other major events. These have covered planning policy,...

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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