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Access network meaning

What does Access network mean?
In telecoms practice, the access network is the part of an electronic communications network that links end-user premises or devices to the operator’s core network. In fixed-line contexts it covers the “last mile” or local loop (for example copper pairs, fibre-to-the-cabinet or fibre-to-the-premises, cabinets, poles, ducts and drop wires) running from an exchange, street cabinet or optical line terminal to the customer. In mobile, it is often referred to as the radio access network between user equipment and base stations. The term is a widely used industry and regulatory expression rather than a term strictly defined in primary legislation, though it is used by Ofcom and ComReg and in regulatory measures concerning local access, next generation access (NGA), local loop unbundling (LLU), virtual unbundled local access (VULA) and physical infrastructure access (PIA). Legally, the access network is central to wholesale access obligations, significant market power (SMP) remedies, universal service considerations and network sharing. It also engages property and infrastructure rights (for example Code rights/wayleaves, servitudes in Scotland and street works) for installation, maintenance and upgrade. Usage is broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, with jurisdiction-specific regimes governing deployment and third-party access rather than the meaning of the...
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View the related Checklists about Access network

CHECKLISTS
MVNO wholesale access agreements (UK): lawyers’ checklist for scope, service levels, pricing, data protection, exit and liability

Checklist This Checklist sets out key provisions commonly included in a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) agreement, under which a mobile network operator, as Supplier, provides wholesale access for resale to the MVNO’s own retail customers. It focuses on provisions specific to this type of contract. See also the Precedent: MVNO agreement. Definitions Agreement – the MVNO agreement between the MVNO and the Supplier for the provision of the Services End-User – a customer of the MVNO IPR – intellectual property rights MVNO – mobile virtual network operator, the customer in the Agreement Services – the wholesale network services provided to the MVNO by the Supplier Supplier – the mobile network operator supplying network services to the MVNO The third column can be used to capture observations or comments as the Checklist is completed. General terms and conditions ☐ Consider the term. The term typically reflects the level of bespoke development and investment...

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CHECKLISTS
Temporary Homeworking Technology and Cyber Security Checklist (UK) for Business Continuity: Backups, Device Security, BYOD, Staff Training and Incident Response

This checklist offers a framework to assess whether you have the right technology measures in place to lessen the risks linked to temporary homeworking, eg during a business continuity incident or a cyber security attack. It will help you pinpoint key considerations and actions for your business and, where relevant, includes links to Lexis+® UK content... Technological steps ☐ Put in place security technologies that protect you and your team when using remote IT systems. NA [Insert comments, if any] ☐ Confirm your systems are defended against ransomware and other malware. See Practice Notes: A–Z of cyber threats and Cybercrime—issues, threats and vulnerabilities. See also Precedent: Information security review. [Insert comments, if any] ☐ Back up your critical data on a routine basis. As above. [Insert comments, if any] ☐ Ensure access to your backups is limited. As above. [Insert comments, if any] ☐ Keep your backups separate from your network (offline), or use a cloud service. As above. The National Cyber...

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NEWS
Great Britain energy law weekly update – 2 May 2024: Ofgem consultations, DESNZ heat networks, flexibility markets, renewables co-location, nuclear AI, EU Net-Zero Industry Act

In this issue Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Networks and network connections Renewable energy Conventional power, waste to energy, biomass, and CHP projects Nuclear energy International energy LexTalk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Key developments and materials National Grid has unveiled a strategic tie-up between its Distribution System Operator (DSO) and Electron to boost the scale and value of flexibility for system operators and flexibility service providers (FSPs) by enabling market interoperability. Electron will link its flexibility market platform, ElectronConnect, with the DSO’s Market Gateway, giving FSPs wider choice in how they access and engage with flexibility on the electricity distribution network. The collaboration also aims to reduce entry hurdles and drive broader market participation. See: LNB News 02/05/2024 7. Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem has opened a consultation...

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NEWS
UK and Ireland employment law: weekly case law and regulatory updates, directors’ duties, worker status, AI recruitment, discrimination, maternity, FCA misconduct, data, fraud, tribunals, 7 November 2024

In this issue: Horizon scanning Directors Status and worker categories Cross-border, international and jurisdictional issues Recruitment Protected characteristics Prohibited Conduct (discrimination etc) Diversity and gender pay gap Maternity, parents and carers Financial services and banking: employment issues Data protection and employee information Bribery, modern slavery, tax evasion and fraud Employment Tribunals Scotland Ireland LexTalk®Employment: a Lexis®Nexis community Dates for your diary Trackers New Q&As Employment resources on Lexis+® Daily and weekly news alerts Horizon scanning BTC launches call for evidence on Employment Rights Bill The Business and Trade Committee (BTC) has opened its first request for evidence for a new inquiry into the Employment Rights Bill (ERB). The inquiry will collect written and oral submissions to steer the Bill’s subsequent passage through Parliament and to gauge whether it is set to meet its stated aims. Written evidence should be submitted by Friday...

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NEWS
UK corporate crime update: DPA breach ruling, court reforms, sanctions enforcement changes, data protection reforms, ICO Grok probe, LIBOR appeals, sentencing updates, proceeds of crime, health and safety

In this issue: Decision to prosecute and alternatives to prosecution Criminal procedure and evidence Proceeds of crime Appeals and judicial review Sentencing Bribery, corruption, sanctions and export controls Cybercrime and data protection offences Fraud, forgery, tax and theft offences Health and safety and corporate manslaughter offences Other corporate crime updates LexTalk®Corporate Crime: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Decision to prosecute and alternatives to prosecution Deferred Prosecution Agreements—an ‘expiry date’ or a ‘best before’? (Guralp Systems Ltd v Serious Fraud Office) The statutory framework for Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPAs) requires an expiry date within every DPA, mandates that any breach application is made while the DPA remains in force, and provides that where a DPA lasts until its expiry, the proceedings are to be discontinued. In this case, the DPA’s terms specified effectiveness for...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK regulation of mobile satellite services: spectrum, Ofcom/CAA licensing, ITU and UNCOPUOS regimes, and post-Brexit assimilated law

This Practice Note explains and outlines the legal and regulatory framework that applies to mobile satellite services (MSS) in the UK at present. The principal categories of communications satellite service are as follows: the MSS the fixed satellite service the broadcast satellite service Broadly, in general, both within the UK and internationally, the regimes for these services are alike when it comes to securing spectrum access (even though they may operate in distinct spectrum bands) as well as when applying for a launch and operations licence. However, they can materially diverge regarding the need for associated terrestrial licences and in particular certain elements of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) filing processes and relevant obligations under the ITU Radio Regulations. An MSS network may additionally need spectrum for communications between an Earth station and a satellite, and vice versa (feeder links), required for operation. This Practice Note concentrates specifically on UK law and regulation affecting MSS at UK level. For further detail on...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Strategic ICT Planning for Legal Organisations in the UK: Benefits, Risks (including AI), DPIAs, Resources, Implementation and Review

This Practice Note outlines the meaning of information and communication technology (ICT), how organisations can gain from integrating it, and the potential risks tied to its use. It also offers practical guidance on how to formulate, draft and implement a strategic ICT plan. For guidance on the use of artificial intelligence (AI), see subtopic: Artificial intelligence compliance. What is ICT? Information and communication technology (ICT) is an umbrella term for all technical means used to manage information and support communication. It spans tools such as computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and mobile phones, together with the many services and applications linked to them. Many regard the significance of ICT not as the technology itself but as its ability to expand access to information and communication. Benefits of ICT With tighter budgets and growing economic and environmental pressures, organisations may find they need to invest in and deploy ICT to streamline processes and enhance efficiency. Implementing ICT can be crucial to an organisation’s economic...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Marine conservation zones in England and Wales: designation, management measures, public authority duties and offences under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 and Environment Act 2021

Part 5 of the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (MCAA 2009) Confers a power, across most UK waters, to designate marine conservation zones (MCZs) and in practice, displaces the former power under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 to establish Marine Nature Reserves. This note specifically concentrates on MCZs in England and Wales. For broader guidance on MCAA 2009, see Practice Note: Marine planning under Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. MCZs also set up protected marine sites and sit alongside other designations within the marine protected areas network, including Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protected Areas and Marine Protected Areas. For further detail on the marine protected areas network, see Practice Note: Marine protected areas. For information on changes introduced by the Fisheries Act 2020, see Practice Note: Fisheries Act 2020–snapshot—Increased research and conservation...

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View the related Precedents about Access network

PRECEDENTS
Managed Wi‑Fi Hotspot Services Agreement with Equipment Installation, Maintenance and Software Licence (England and Wales)

This Agreement is dated [ insert date ] (the Commencement Date) and is entered into by the following: Parties [ insert supplier’s name ], a company registered in [ England and Wales ] with company number [ insert company number ], with its registered office at [ insert registered office ] (the Supplier); and [ insert customer’s name ], a company registered in [ England and Wales ] with company number [ insert company number ], with its registered office at [ insert registered office ] (the Customer), each of the Supplier and the Customer being a party, and together the Supplier and the Customer being the parties. Background The Supplier carries on the business of supplying wi-fi services. The Customer intends to enable its personnel and visitors to access a network of wi-fi hotspots. The Supplier proposes to deliver wi-fi services to the Customer so that the Customer may provide its personnel and visitors with...

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PRECEDENTS
Cloud Infrastructure (IaaS) Services and Support Agreement with Service Levels, Security, Data Protection and Change Control (England and Wales)

This Agreement is entered into on [ insert date ] Parties 1 [ insert supplier name ] a company registered in England and Wales whose registration number is [ insert company number ] and whose registered office is at [ insert registered office ] ( Supplier ); and 2 [ insert customer name ] a company registered in England and Wales whose registration number is [ insert company number ] and whose registered office is at [ insert registered office ] ( Customer ), (each of the Supplier and the Customer being a party, and together the Supplier and the Customer are the parties ). Background (A) The Supplier operates and administers a range of facilities and supplies a range of services, as further detailed in this Agreement, which the Customer wishes to access for itself and its Authorised Users. (B) The Customer, through its Authorised Users, will be able to access those facilities and services by engaging...

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PRECEDENTS
Private Wire Electricity Connection Agreement (England and Wales): Precedent reflecting Ofgem TM04+ reforms; capacity, metering, de-energisation/disconnection, access and property rights, liability and termination

Date of Agreement _____________________________________ 20[ XX ] Parties [ name of company ], a company duly incorporated in [ insert jurisdiction ] (registered number [ insert co. number ]) with its registered office at [ insert address ] ( Company ); and [ name of company ], a company duly incorporated in [ insert jurisdiction ] (registered number [ insert co. number ]) with its registered office at [ insert address ] ( Customer ). Background The Customer owns and operates the Customer’s Installation. The Company owns and operates the Distribution System. The Customer intends to export electricity produced by the Customer’s Installation to the Company’s Distribution System. [ The Parties intend to enter into a contract on or about the date of this Agreement, under which electricity generated by the Customer’s Installation shall be supplied by the Customer to the Company (‘ Power Supply Agreement ’). In consideration of the Parties entering into...

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