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Accrual rate meaning

What does Accrual rate mean?
The proportion of defined benefit a member earns for each year of pensionable service in an occupational defined benefit pension scheme. Typically expressed as a fraction of pensionable pay (for example, 1/60th per year), the accrual rate determines the speed at which pension benefits build up and is a key variable in pensions law, scheme funding and actuarial valuations. In final salary schemes the rate applies to final (or final average) pensionable pay at retirement or leaving; in CARE (career average) schemes it applies to each year’s pensionable pay, with statutory or rule-based revaluation applied separately. Some schemes use 1/80th plus an automatic lump sum (for example, 3/80ths) or different rates for different tranches of service. The accrual rate is set by the scheme rules and member communications, not generally by statute or case law, though changes are constrained by protections for accrued rights and, in the UK, employer consultation requirements. It interacts with definitions of pensionable pay and service but is distinct from revaluation and indexation. Usage and meaning are broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. The term is used in practice to compare benefit adequacy, member outcomes and employer cost in defined benefit pension schemes.
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View the related Checklists about Accrual rate

CHECKLISTS
Occupational pension scheme powers: trustees versus sponsoring employer—checklist of decision rights, required consents/consultations and constraints across amendment, wind-up, accrual closure, benefits, funding, transfers, surplus and trustee appointments.

POWER CLAUSE / RULE HELD BY REQUIRES AGREEMENT OR CONSULTATION WITH SUBJECT TO Authority to amend; to wind the scheme up or delay winding-up; to cease future benefit accrual; to shut to new joiners; to readmit employees to membership of the scheme Discretion to set the employer contribution rate; to lower or suspend contributions; to apportion statutory debts Ability to enhance or vary benefits; to permit early retirement pensions and set actuarial reductions; to allow incapacity pensions, decide whether a member meets the incapacity definition, and reduce or pause such pensions; to grant pensions for serious ill-health; to apply actuarial uplifts for late retirement; to fix the rate at which pension is exchanged for a lump sum; to commute trivial pensions; to provide a bridging pension; to award discretionary increases to pensions; to make unauthorised payments Capacity to admit new employers or end their participation; to replace the principal employer; to transfer members’ benefits into or out of the scheme Authority to return...

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NEWS
UK judicial pensions consultation outcome: JPS22 cost control mechanism, technical amendments, FPJPS deadline extensions, changes to added benefits schemes, and addition of eligible offices

Background The Fee-Paid Judicial Pension Scheme (‘FPJPS’) was introduced in 2017, arising from the ruling in O’Brien v Ministry of Justice [2013] UKSC 6. It broadly replicated the pension arrangements for salaried judges under the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (‘JUPRA’) but, at launch, only awarded benefits for qualifying service from 7 April 2000 onwards. Following O’Brien v Ministry of Justice (Case C-432/17), FPJPS was revised to extend benefits to eligible service prior to 7 April 2000. The changes also allowed qualifying members to have benefits assessed under the Judicial Pensions Act 1981 (‘JPA81’), whose provisions covered certain salaried judges with service before 31 March 1995. The Judicial Pension Scheme 2015 (‘JPS15’), covering both salaried and fee-paid judges, began in 2015. In 2022, in response to concerns about recruiting and retaining judges, the Judicial Pension Scheme 2022 (‘JPS22’) came into force. It re-introduced tax-unregistered status (previously applying to JUPRA and FPJPS, but not JPS15) and offered a higher benefit accrual rate. The day before JPS22 started, all...

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NEWS
April 2024 update for employment lawyers: holiday pay for irregular workers, day-one flexible working, family leave reforms, NMW rises, tribunal limits and Vento bands, VAT, NICs and pensions changes

Summary of changes From 1 April 2024: new rules for calculating holiday entitlement and pay for irregular hours and part‑year workers (including 12.07% accrual and an option to use rolled‑up holiday pay); annual National Living Wage/National Minimum Wage uplift and removal of the live‑in domestic worker exemption; higher Agricultural Minimum Wage rates in Wales; and increased VAT registration (£90,000) and deregistration (£88,000) limits. From 6 April 2024: flexible working becomes a day‑one right with revised processes and an updated Acas Code; paternity leave/pay reformed so two separate one‑week blocks can be taken within the first year; introduction of unpaid carer’s leave; extended redundancy protection during pregnancy and for a period after family leave; Employment Tribunal rule changes and higher compensation caps; uplifted Vento bands; higher SSP; Class 1 main employee NIC cut to 8% while weekly thresholds (including the £123 LEL) remain static; veterans’ employer NIC relief extended; van benefit and car/van fuel benefits frozen; higher high income child benefit charge threshold with tapered application; and...

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NEWS
Post-Brazel reforms to holiday entitlement and pay for irregular hours and part-year workers: 2024 Working Time Regulations, 12.07% accrual, rolled-up pay and employer action points

To watch the video of their conversation, click here now. A fuller written summary of the issues explored and analysed, with onward links to our related materials, appears immediately below. See also Practice Note: Statutory paid holiday—irregular hours workers and part-year workers. For the first and the second instalments in our series, see: Video analysis—Should annual bonuses be included when calculating holiday pay? and Video analysis—Paid holiday entitlement for irregular hours and part-year workers: who falls within the definitions? What is the background to the changes? The Employment Rights (Amendment, Revocation and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2023 (Amendment Regulations 2023), SI 2023/1426, modified the Working Time Regulations 1998 (WTR 1998), SI 1998/1833, to bring in (among other things) distinct rules for working out both holiday entitlement and pay for leave years starting on or after 1 April 2024 for: irregular hours workers part-year workers The government has issued guidance to accompany these changes...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Reformed Teachers’ Pension Scheme 2015 (England and Wales): legal framework, governance, funding (cost cap/SCAPE), eligibility, contributions, benefits and McCloud remedy

What is the Teachers’ Pension Scheme? The Teachers’ Pension Scheme (TPS) is a statutory public service pension arrangement for members of the teaching profession in England and Wales. Since 1 April 2015, the TPS has consisted of two schemes: The reformed TPS (often described in TPS literature as the ‘2015 Scheme’), established on 1 April 2015 under the Public Service Pensions Act 2013 (PSPA 2013) as a career average revalued earnings (CARE) scheme. This Practice Note concerns that scheme. The legacy TPS, created by the Superannuation Act 1972 (SA 1972) as a final salary scheme for those who joined before 1 April 2015. It closed to future accrual on 31 March 2022, while retaining a final salary link within that scheme. For more, see Practice Note: The legacy Teachers’ Pension Scheme. Separate schemes operate in Scotland and Northern Ireland and are outside the scope of this Practice Note. When the reformed TPS launched, the government acted to close the legacy TPS to...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Reformed NHS Pension Scheme 2015 (England and Wales): statutory framework, governance and funding, contributions, CARE benefits, McCloud remedy, membership, survivor benefits, flexible retirement, transfers, outsourcing and GMP indexation

What is the National Health Service Pension Scheme? The NHSPS is an unfunded public service occupational pension that delivers salary‑related, defined benefit (DB) retirement provision for health service staff. The reformed NHSPS (often termed the ‘2015 Scheme’) began on 1 April 2015 as a career average revalued earnings (CARE) arrangement. New starters since that date have joined this scheme, which is the focus of this Practice Note. The legacy NHSPS (the ‘1995/2008 Scheme’) consists of two separate final salary sections—the 1995 Section and the 2008 Section—both closed to future accrual, while preserving a final salary link within that scheme. For further details, see Practice Note: The legacy National Health Service Pension Scheme. There are distinct schemes in Scotland and Northern Ireland, which are not covered by this Practice Note. When the reformed NHSPS opened, the government acted to close the 1995 and 2008 Sections to future accrual, subject to: ...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK Civil Service alpha pension scheme: statutory framework, funding and cost cap, governance, eligibility and employer participation, contributions, benefits (including ill-health and death), McCloud remedy and Fair Deal

This Practice Note centres on the alpha scheme. What is the alpha scheme? The alpha scheme, forming part of the Civil Service Pension (CSP) arrangements, took effect on 1 April 2015 as the reformed public service pension for civil servants. It is a career average revalued earnings (CARE) scheme. From 1 April 2015 it was the public service pension for civil servants, replacing future PCSPS accrual. Before alpha was introduced, the Principle Civil Service Pension Scheme (PCSPS) was the main pension for the civil service. The PCSPS comprises four sections: Classic, Premium, Classic Plus and Nuvos. The first three are final salary sections, while the fourth (Nuvos) is a career‑average section. For further details on the PCSPS, see Practice Note: The legacy Principal Civil Service Pension Scheme (PCSPS). When alpha was launched, the government acted to close the PCSPS to future accrual, subject to: the retention of a final salary link in the PCSPS for active members, meaning benefits built in the PCSPS...

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PRECEDENTS
Precedent employment clauses: holiday entitlement and pay for irregular hours and part-year workers (12.07% accrual, 52-week averaging, rolled-up pay, carry-over and termination)

1 Holiday 1.1 Taking your holiday, that is your annual leave entitlement, is essential for rest and recuperation, and we strongly encourage you to use your full allowance throughout the year. 1.2 Your holiday entitlement accrues [ monthly ] at the rate of [ 12.07 ]% of the hours you work each [ month ] [ , capped at 28 days per holiday year ] . The holiday year runs from [ 1 January ] to [ 31 December ]. 1.3 [ You might be asked to work on bank holidays and other public holidays. ] 1.4 [ [PART-YEAR WORKER ONLY: ] You are engaged to work for only part of the year as described in [ clause x above ]. Your holiday must be taken outside those working periods. ] 1.5 You are required to take your leave in the same holiday year in which it accrues...

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