ADSL2+ meaning

Okuashvili and others companies v Ivanishvili and others; Allied Global Tobacco Ltd and others v JSC Tbilisi Tobacco and others [2025] EWHC 829 (Ch) What are the practical implications of this case? This judgment functions as a thorough digest of the legal principles governing jurisdictional challenges—especially the test in Altimo Holdings & Investments Ltd v Kyrgyz Mobil Tel [2011] UKPC 7—while also providing practitioners with useful clarity on the court’s handling of alleged breaches of the duty of full and frank disclosure in without notice applications. In this matter, the court held that the failure to draw its attention to a series of ‘ inherent problems with the case ’—stemming from the fact that many of the asserted claims were time-barred under the applicable law—led to a picture being presented to the master that was ‘ a world away ’ from the true position...

In this issue: New technologies Information technology Internet Data protection Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Reputation management LexTalk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information New technologies iQIYI brings a landmark copyright claim against Chinese AI start-up MiniMax. According to MLex, the China-based video-streaming service has filed proceedings in a local court, accusing the domestic artificial intelligence start-up of infringement linked to AI model training and content production. See: iQIYI sues Chinese AI startup MiniMax for copyright infringement in landmark case. MLex has learned. Appeal Tracker: Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks v Emotional Perception AI Ltd In Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks v Emotional Perception AI Ltd [2024] EWCA Civ 825, the Supreme Court granted permission to appeal on 29 November 2024. Earlier, the Court of Appeal (Civil Division) upheld the hearing officer’s appeal from...

In this issue: Medical devices Pharmaceuticals—regulatory framework Post-market Research and development Commercialisation Daily and weekly news alerts Trackers Useful information Medical devices Navigating EU AI Regulation in 2025—key developments and strategic implications for business As the first elements of the EU AI Act take effect, the European Commission has released guidance, introduced compliance support tools, and signalled robust enforcement. In parallel, it has withdrawn the proposed EU AI Liability Directive and presented the AI Continent Plan to strengthen Europe’s AI infrastructure and data ecosystem. This article sets out the principal updates and actionable insights for business leaders preparing for the next phase of AI regulation. Written by Barry Scannell, partner at William Fry and member of the Irish government’s AI Advisory Council. See News Analysis: Navigating EU AI Regulation in 2025—key developments and strategic implications for business. Main challenges of EU AI Act-GDPR interplay identified by Member States MLex: EU Member States cite...

Contracting-out on a salary-related basis (also known as defined benefit (DB) contracting-out) was abolished on 6 April 2016. Before abolition, members of contracted-out salary-related (COSR) schemes could have built up one of two forms of contracted-out entitlement. In this Practice Note, these are collectively described as ‘contracted-out salary-related rights’ or, in short, ‘COSR rights’. Guaranteed minimum pensions (GMPs), being contracted-out rights built up before 6 April 1997 Section 9(2B) rights (also called post-1997 contracted-out salary-related rights or post-1997 COSR rights), being contracted-out rights built up between 6 April 1997 and 5 April 2016 The framework for transferring COSR rights is prescribed by the Contracting-out (Transfer and Transfer Payment) Regulations 1996, SI 1996/1462 (the Contracting-out Transfer Regulations). HMRC has issued guidance on transferring COSR rights. This Practice Note addresses transfers carried out after the end of DB contracting-out, namely on and from 6 April 2016. For material on transfers of COSR rights made prior to the abolition of DB contracting-out, see Practice...

This Practice Note concentrates on the matters that applied prior to 6 April 2016—the date on which salary-related contracting-out (often called DB contracting-out) was brought to an end—when buying out these contracted-out salary-related (COSR) entitlements: guaranteed minimum pensions (GMPs)—the benefits built up by COSR scheme members as a result of contracting out between 6 April 1978 and 5 April 1997 Section 9(2B) rights (also referred to as post-1997 COSR rights)—the benefits accrued by COSR scheme members as a result of contracting out between 6 April 1997 and 5 April 2016 The legislative requirements that applied differed according to whether the relevant contracted-out rights were GMPs or Section 9(2B) rights. For guidance on the buy-out considerations from 6 April 2016 for Section 9(2B) rights and GMPs, see Practice Note: Buying out Section 9(2B) rights and GMPs from 6 April 2016. For general issues relating to buy-outs, see Practice Note: De-risking—pension buy-outs and buy-ins. For information on the ending of DB contracting-out on 6 April...

How to use this index This Practice Note offers an index with links to the Family Procedure Rules 2010 (FPR 2010), SI 2010/2955—the main procedural rules that apply to family proceedings—together with all supporting Practice Directions. Use the 'Table of Contents' tab on the left-hand side of the screen; it will expand to reveal every Part of FPR 2010 and the associated Practice Directions for each individual Part. To open material within FPR 2010, select the margin note to the right of the text for the specific Part or Practice Direction you wish to consult. When you are inside a Part of FPR 2010, click the 'Table of Contents' tab on the left to then expand that Part, display all rules contained in it, and allow you to navigate to the relevant provision you are interested in or require. Within FPR 2010, the 'Table of Contents' tab also lists all other Parts of FPR 2010, and individual rules can be navigated to by clicking on each relevant...