Powered by Lexis+®
Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom
CASE STUDY

“I'm able to do more in the day, which means I'm providing more value to my clients - and it's helped my margins in terms of how much I can bill. LexisNexis is helping me make money.”

ParrisWhittaker

Access all documents on Background radiation

Background radiation meaning

Published by a LexisNexis Energy expert
What does Background radiation mean?
Background radiation describes the ubiquitous ionising radiation present in the environment from natural cosmic and terrestrial sources and residual global fallout, and provides the baseline for dose assessment and radiation protection compliance. In UK and Irish legal practice it is a descriptive expression rather than a defined statutory term, though legislation regulating natural radiation sources (notably radon) imposes controls where workplace exposures exceed national reference levels (for example, under the Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017 in Great Britain and the Irish Basic Safety Standards regulations). Typical components include: - radon gas from the decay of uranium/thorium in rocks, soils and building materials; - cosmic radiation (increased at altitude and during flights); - naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the ground and food; and - residual fallout from historic nuclear weapons testing. Background radiation does not include emissions from dutyholder‑controlled sources (such as nuclear installations or radioactive materials regulated by the ONR/HSE in the UK, or the EPA in Ireland). Practical significance: it is used to establish baseline public and worker doses, inform environmental impact assessments and distinguish exposures attributable to regulated activities. Average annual effective dose is roughly 2–3 mSv in the UK (higher in high‑radon areas) and generally higher in Ireland. Usage...
Speed up all aspects of your legal work with tools that help you to work faster and smarter. Win cases, close deals and grow your business–all whilst saving time and reducing risk.

View the related Practice Notes about Background radiation

PRACTICE NOTES
Great Britain ozone-depleting substances: regulatory framework, offences, enforcement powers, competence requirements, licensing and quota obligations, and 2025 Environment Agency charging scheme

What are ozone-depleting substances? Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are synthetic chemicals that harm the stratospheric ozone layer, the shield that protects the earth from damaging ultraviolet radiation. They include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride and methyl bromide. ODS have been used in refrigeration equipment, air conditioning systems, fire extinguishers, aerosol propellants, solvents and as blowing agents in insulation foams. Background to the GB ODS Regulation The UK is a party to the 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Vienna Convention is a framework treaty intended to: restrict activities likely to damage the ozone layer co-operation in collecting and sharing information on the effects of human activities on the ozone layer See Practice Note: Vienna Convention 1985 (protection of the ozone Layer)—snapshot. The Montreal Protocol sets out a timetable for phasing out and eliminating the production and use of substances that deplete the...

Read More Right Arrow
PRACTICE NOTES
Disease compensation schemes: P(WC)A 1979, 2008 and 2014 mesothelioma schemes, coal workers, radiation, armed forces and infected blood: eligibility, time limits and payments

Alternative routes for occupational disease compensation Understandably, claimant practitioners will first direct their efforts towards a common law action in the civil courts for occupational disease. There are, however, occasions when that conventional route is unavailable to the client. This may stem from how the illness was contracted and, frequently, the absence of an identifiable tortfeasor (or at least one with insurance). In such cases, a range of statutory and administrative compensation schemes may offer an alternative avenue of redress. For civil claims for mesothelioma sufferers, see Practice Note: Mesothelioma claims—procedure. For each scheme identified, this Practice Note sets out the particular circumstances in which turning to the scheme may be appropriate... The Pneumoconiosis etc (Workers’ Compensation) Act 1979 (P(WC)A 1979) Definition Pneumoconiosis describes a group of conditions arising from the inhalation and retention of dust within the lungs. Applying Apply by completing the relevant section of the ‘Mesothelioma and other lung diseases (PWC1)’ form and returning it to: Barnsley Industrial...

Read More Right Arrow
PRACTICE NOTES
Great Britain ozone-depleting substances (ODS) regime: Assimilated Regulation (EC) 1005/2009—scope, prohibitions, quotas/licensing, reporting, enforcement, EU divergence and the Northern Ireland position

Assimilated Regulation (EC) 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer Entry into force: 20 November 2009; applied from 1 January 2010 (Article 31). England and Wales implementation: Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulations 2015, SI 2015/168. Subject: Protection of the ozone layer. What are ozone-depleting substances? Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are human-made chemicals that damage the stratospheric ozone layer, which shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. They include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride and methyl bromide. ODS have been used in refrigerators, air conditioners, fire extinguishers, aerosol propellants, solvents and as blowing agents for insulation foams. Background to the GB ODS Regulation The UK is a party to the 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Vienna Convention is a framework convention intended to: restrict activities likely to harm the ozone layer;...

Read More Right Arrow