Bid price meaning

In this issue: Investigating criminal conduct Decision to prosecute and alternatives to prosecution Sentencing Bribery, corruption, sanctions and export controls Cybercrime and data protection offences Environmental offences Financial services and pensions offences Food safety and hygiene offences Fraud, forgery, tax and theft offences Health and safety and corporate manslaughter offences Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Investigating criminal conduct Whistleblowing in the UK—Still a long road ahead Rahman Ravelli’s legal director, Dr Angelika Hellweger, together with associate, Tatiana Novikova, examine how the UK handles whistleblowing. They map out the present UK statutory position and other relevant mechanisms, assess the scope of the safeguards they afford, and set these against the options open to whistleblowers in the United States of America. They also describe the HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) whistleblower reward initiative announced near the end of 2025,...

In this issue: Medical devices Intellectual property Data protection and life sciences Pharmaceuticals—regulatory framework Research and development Competition in life sciences Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trackers Useful information Medical devices Government supports new UK medical device rules following consultation The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has issued the government’s concluding response to its consultation on planned updates to medical device legislation, setting out future pathways to market for medical devices. The government will advance three principal changes: adopting an international reliance framework, removing the UKCA marking requirement once devices carry unique device identification (UDI), and revising the classification of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices. Collectively, these measures are intended to modernise oversight while promoting innovation and protecting patient safety. See: LNB News 23/07/2025 14. AI developers, users see EU’s guidelines on general-purpose AI models MLex: On 18 July 2025, the European Commission released guidance...

In this issue: Arbitration in England & Wales International arbitration Institutional and ad hoc arbitration Sector- and industry-specific arbitration Other arbitration and ADR-related news and developments Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Arbitration in England & Wales English court adopts a strict approach to challenges to arbitration awards under section 72 of the AA 1996 A&N Seaways and Projects v Allianz Bulk Carriers [2025] EWHC 2126 (Comm) concerns a ruling stemming from two applications linked to A&N Seaways and Projects PVT Limited’s (the ‘Claimant’ or ‘Charterer’) claim form against Allianz Bulk Carriers DMCC (the ‘Respondent’ or ‘Owners’), aiming to contest an award pursuant to section 72(2)(a) of the English Arbitration Act 1996 (AA 1996) (the ‘Section 72 Challenge’). The applications comprised: (a) the Claimant’s bid for permission to amend its claim form to plead fresh particulars of fraud (the ‘Amendment Application’); and (b) the Respondent’s attempt to strike out the...

This table summarises all public announcements made by the CMA and concurrent sector regulators of dawn raids that have been carried out into alleged breaches of competition law since 2000 under the Competition Act 1998 and/or the Enterprise Act 2002 2024: Construction (roofing services) — companies not identified; CMA; suspected restrictive agreements—bid rigging; raid in 2024. 2021: Leicester City FC merchandise — CMA; alleged restrictive agreements—price collusion; raid in 2021. 2019: Supply of construction services — CMA; collusion—bid rigging; raid in 2019. 2019: Guitars (50565-3) — Fender Musical Instruments Europe Ltd; CMA; restrictive agreements—RPM; raid on 26/03/2019. 2018: Casio (digital pianos/keyboards) (50565-2) — CMA; restrictive agreements—RPM. Headings: 2024 — Case name, companies under investigation and industry; Competition authority; Issues; Date of dawn raid. 2021 — Case name, companies under investigation and industry; Competition authority; Issues; Date of dawn raid. 2019 — Case name, companies under investigation and industry; Competition authority; Issues; Date of dawn raid. 2018 — Case name, companies...

The creation of the Competition and Market Authority (CMA) in 2013 The establishment of the Competition and Market Authority (CMA) in 2013 coincided with an overhaul of a component of the criminal cartel offence that prosecutors had to prove to convict directors and officers. When the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 (ERRA 2013) commenced on 1 April 2014, the dishonesty element of the cartel offence was scrapped, marking a radical change to what prosecutors had previously been required to establish. Under the revised regime, an individual commits the offence by agreeing, with one or more persons, that two or more undertakings will take part in specified prohibited cartel arrangements (price-fixing, market-sharing, bid-rigging, or limiting output), regardless of dishonesty. Any such arrangements must have occurred in the UK to be caught. As explained further below, this shift is partly offset by new exceptions, covering notification of customers, publication of arrangements, and compliance with a legal requirement, as well as defences, including that the accused did not intend to conceal...

This table outlines all concluded investigations by Spain’s competition authority (the National Commission on Markets and Competition—the CNMC) into alleged cartels, anti-competitive agreements and abuses of dominance (Articles 101/102 TFEU and national equivalents) since 2018. Note—only investigations made public are included. 2026 Investigations under Article 101 TFEU/Article 1 of the Spanish Competition Act Case name, companies under investigation and industry: Professional hairdressing products • I.C.O.N Issues: Restrictive agreements—price fixing Developments: Infringement decision issued—12/01/2026; fines totalling €1.2m imposed Investigations under Article 102 TFEU/Article 2 of the Spanish Competition Act Case name, companies under investigation and industry: Automotive fuels • Repsol Comercial de Productos Petrolíferos • Solred • Campsa Estaciones de Servicio Issues: Concerns the Repsol Group abused its dominant position through its pricing policy that squeezed the margins of independent low-cost petrol stations Developments: Infringement decision issued—03/02/2026; fines totalling €20.5 imposed 2025 Investigations under Article 101 TFEU/Article 1 of the Spanish Competition Act ...

Dynamic Purchasing Systems A Dynamic Purchasing System (DPS) enables a contracting authority to acquire goods, services and works needed on a recurring basis without running a full public procurement exercise for every individual purchase. It provides a route to buy regularly required items efficiently while remaining compliant. A DPS is intended for sourcing common-use items that are widely available on the market and satisfy the contracting authority’s specifications. Further reading Practice Notes: Introduction to public contracts procurement and Introduction to framework agreements and dynamic purchasing systems Crown Commercial Service (CCS): Dynamic purchasing system guidance Under the Public Contracts Regulations 2015 (PCR 2015), SI 2015/102, any authority setting up a DPS must follow the rules specified and cross‑referred in PCR 2015, SI 2015/102, reg 34. In keeping with all procedures under PCR 2015, SI 2015/102, contracting authorities should also adhere to the core procurement principles, treating all DPS participants equally and without discrimination, and acting in a transparent and proportionate manner...