Biofuels meaning

In this issue: WTO Trade in goods Anti-dumping Customs Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content WTO WTO DSB members agree to set up panel for Türkiye–China electric vehicle dispute The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) has accepted China’s request to set up a panel to examine Türkiye’s measures on electric vehicles imported from China. The DSB also endorsed a panel decision on the EU’s treatment of palm oil and palm crop-based biofuels, concluding that Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (the Renewable Energy Directive) and related regulations unfairly discriminated against Indonesia’s palm oil biofuels. See: LNB News 25/02/2025 28. Trade in goods Tariffs on Mexico and Canada to go forward, Trump says as deadline nears. MLex: Heavy tariffs on Mexico and Canada will proceed, US President Donald Trump said ahead of a 4 March 2025 deadline for both countries. They had gained a brief reprieve from the duties by pledging stronger border...

Commission urges IRELAND, SPAIN, FRANCE and HUNGARY to fully transpose the Renewable Energy Directive Press release below. Today, the European Commission decided to issue further reasoned opinions to Ireland INFR(2021)0260), Spain (INFR(2021)0220), France (INFR(2021)0238) and Hungary (INFR(2021)0256) for not having fully transposed EU rules on promoting the use of energy from renewable sources, as set out in Directive (EU) 2018/2001. This Directive provides the legal framework for the development of renewable energy across electricity, heating and cooling, and transport within the EU. It also sets a binding EU-wide target for 2030 on renewable energy and contains particular rules for...

In this issue: Competition and state aid Data protection and cybersecurity Energy Environment Financial services Insurance and reinsurance IP Regulatory TMT Daily and weekly news alerts Trackers New and updated content Competition and state aid Antitrust—Advocate General recommends the Court of Justice uphold the fine imposed on Google for prioritising its own comparison shopping service Advocate General Kokott has delivered her opinion in P Google and Alphabet v Commission (Google Shopping), Case C-48/22, an appeal against the General Court’s judgment in Case T-612/17 which partially upheld an action seeking annulment of the Commission’s 27 June 2017 decision in Google Search (Shopping) (AT.39740). She proposes that the Court of Justice dismiss the appeal in full and therefore maintain the €2.4bn penalty against Google. See News Analysis: EU Competition law—daily round-up (11/01/2024). Data protection and cybersecurity EU countries’ gazettes classed as data controllers even without choice over published content, EU court...

ARCHIVED : This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated 23 April 2009, concerns the promotion of energy from renewable sources and also amended, then repealed, Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (the Renewable Energy Directive, RED). In force from: 25 June 2009 (Article 28 of Directive 2009/28/EC, RED). Transposition deadline: 5 December 2010 (Article 27 of Directive 2009/28/EC, RED). Amendments Council Directive 2013/18/EU of 13 May 2013 adapted the RED following the Republic of Croatia’s accession. Note: it solely added Croatia’s renewable targets to Annex I, Part A. Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of 9 September 2015 amended Directive 98/70/EC on the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and revised the RED (text with EEA relevance). EUR-Lex offers an informal consolidated version combining the RED and these amendments—consolidation of RED. This consolidation is provided only as a documentation aid and should not be relied upon...

First prepared with Navraj Singh Ghaleigh, Senior Lecturer in Climate Law at the University of Edinburgh. Shipping emissions: background Maritime transport, or ‘shipping’, accounts for 2.89% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) output—around 1,076 million tonnes of CO2. As close to 90% of global trade moves by sea, the sector is central to future climate action (see Behnam A, ‘The Nexus of Ocean Trade and Climate Change: A Review Essay’ (2015) 29 Ocean Yearbook 11). Accordingly, a business-as-usual pathway for shipping is incompatible with the objective of ‘holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels’ as set out in Article 2 of the Paris Agreement. See Practice Note: The Paris Agreement 2015—snapshot. The international climate regime and maritime emissions The ‘international climate regime’ is generally taken to comprise the UNFCCC (1992), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), and the Paris Agreement (2015). However, none of these instruments directly regulate shipping emissions. The Paris Agreement, like the UNFCCC, is silent on maritime emissions,...

What is bioenergy? Bioenergy refers to turning biomass into practical energy carriers such as heat, power, and transport fuels. It operates effectively at small, medium, and large scales, making it suitable for numerous resource types and a range of processing and utilisation approaches and deployment options...