Powered by Lexis+®
CASE STUDY

“Although cost was an important factor, our relationship with LexisNexis, their responsiveness, flexibility, and the integration available with other products were key factors.”

Irwin Mitchell

Access all documents on Browser

Browser meaning

What does Browser mean?
A browser (also web or internet browser) is software used to access and display websites and online services in legal practice, such as e‑filing portals, client extranets and legal research platforms. It retrieves content identified by a URL from a web server over HTTP/HTTPS and renders HTML (with CSS) and executes JavaScript. “Browser” is a descriptive technical term rather than one defined in legislation or case law, but it features across IT contracts, data protection compliance and digital evidence. Key functions with legal significance include storage of cookies, local/cache data, browsing and download histories, autofill and saved credentials, and transmission details (for example, user‑agent strings and TLS/HTTPS security). These can be relevant to disclosure/e‑discovery, forensic investigations and authenticity/timing of online interactions. Browsers also mediate consent and tracking technologies. Compliance typically engages UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 with PECR in the UK, and the GDPR, the Data Protection Act 2018 (Ireland) and the ePrivacy Regulations (S.I. No. 336/2011) in Ireland. Regulators (ICO/DPC) generally require explicit consent for non‑essential cookies. Usage and meaning are broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. Contract terms may specify supported browsers or minimum versions for service availability and security.
Speed up all aspects of your legal work with tools that help you to work faster and smarter. Win cases, close deals and grow your business–all whilst saving time and reducing risk.

View the related News about Browser

NEWS
UK/EU competition update: CMA designates Apple and Google SMS; government proposes ending CMA panel; Getty/Shutterstock to Phase 2; CAT rejects Boundary Fares; EU dawn raids; 2026 Work Programme

In this issue: UK digital markets UK competition policy UK mergers UK private actions EU antitrust EU competition policy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex UK digital markets CMA designates Apple and Google with SMS in mobile platforms under DMCCA 2024 The CMA has issued its final determinations, naming Apple and Google as holding strategic market status (SMS) in relation to their respective mobile ecosystems under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (DMCCA 2024). The authority confirmed that both firms possess substantial and entrenched market power in the provision of their mobile platforms—covering operating systems, app distribution, browsers and browser engines—and that each holds a position of strategic importance and significance within the UK digital economy. Apple’s platform (iOS, iPadOS, the App Store) together with the Safari browser using the WebKit engine accounts for about 50–60% of active smartphones and tablets in the UK, while Google’s platform (Android,...

Read More Right Arrow
NEWS
EU competition law update: Commission Phase I merger clearances and filings; French port state aid; DMA Edge gatekeeper challenge — 30 September 2024

Mergers The Commission cleared, following phase I reviews: Exyte GmbH’s purchase of Kinetics Holdings GmbH (M.11559)—see press release; Alten SA’s takeover of sole control of Worldgrid France SAS and assets of the Worldgrid Smart Energy Solutions segment (M.11632)—see Midday Express; a joint venture by Egis Airport Operation SAS, Egis Investment Partners France II SCA, Bouygues Construction Airport Concessions and Impact V S.à r.l. (M.11705)—see Midday Express; and joint control of Hargreaves Lansdown by Nordic Capital XI Limited, CVC Capital Partners plc and Platinum Ivy B 2018 RSC (M.11716)—see Midday Express. Notifications: CVC/Fidelio/Odevo (M.11735) (simplified); Sonoco/Eviosys (M.11637) (simplified); VTTI/SNAM/ALNG (M.11568) (normal). NOTE—For live mergers, see EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid The Commission approved, under EU state aid rules, €102m French support to modernise the Naye terminal at the port of Saint-Malo—see Midday Express. NOTE—For live State aid cases, see EU State aid decisions—ongoing cases tracker. Digital markets Case T-357/23, Opera v Commission: action before the General Court against the decision...

Read More Right Arrow
NEWS
European Commission closes EU Digital Markets Act probe into Apple’s user choice; preliminary findings say alternative app distribution terms (Core Technology Fee, eligibility) may breach DMA

The European Commission has concluded its EU Digital Markets Act (EU DMA) probe into Apple’s user choice obligations after iOS changes, featuring a redesigned browser choice screen and wider app removal options...

Read More Right Arrow

View the related Practice Notes about Browser

PRACTICE NOTES
European Commission fines Microsoft €561m for failure to provide Windows browser choice screen (COMP/39.530) under Article 102 TFEU

CASE HUB ARCHIVED This archived case hub sets out the position as at the decision dated 6 March 2013; it is no longer maintained. Case facts Outline of the European Commission’s Article 102 TFEU investigation into Microsoft for non-compliance with commitments (case number COMP/39.530). Latest developments The European Commission imposed a €561m fine on Microsoft for failing to honour the 2009 commitments. The scale of the penalty highlights the seriousness of Microsoft’s breach and the Commission’s objective that the sanction operate as a deterrent...

Read More Right Arrow
PRACTICE NOTES
LexisCalculate Employment: Unfair Dismissal Schedule of Loss (England, Wales and Scotland) — practitioner guide to building schedules/counter‑schedules, automated calculations, adjustments, grossing‑up, statutory caps, security and Word export

The automated unfair dismissal schedule of loss application streamlines preparing a schedule, enhances accuracy and makes future revisions straightforward. It: enables creation of a claimant’s schedule or a respondent client’s counter-schedule for an unfair dismissal matter performs the statutory and numerical calculations needed to evaluate the worth of the claim generates a clear, structured document detailing the losses sought and the calculation of the overall figure The settings proceed on the basis that: the claimant’s dismissal took place on or after 29 July 2013 the claimant has standing to bring an unfair dismissal claim (see Practice Notes: Entitlement to claim unfair dismissal and Qualifying period for unfair dismissal) the monetary loss arising from the dismissal (eg loss of earnings) is greater than any sums offsetting loss (eg enhanced redundancy payments or income earned in mitigation) Access the tool here: LexisCalculate Employment: Schedule of Loss application. Open it in a Chrome, Edge or Firefox web...

Read More Right Arrow
PRACTICE NOTES
UK Competition and Markets Authority accepts Google Privacy Sandbox commitments: Chapter II CA98 case on Chrome third‑party cookie removal with ICO oversight and a six‑year monitoring trustee

CASE HUB ARCHIVED This archived case hub reflects the position as at the decision date of 11 February 2022; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline Case facts Outline CMA Chapter II CA98 investigation into suspected breaches of competition law regarding Google’s proposals to remove third party cookies and other functionalities from its Chrome browser (50972). Latest developments On 11 February 2022, the CMA announced its decision to accept modified commitments from Google, to be rolled out globally, to address its competition concerns. The commitments include, amongst others: Involvement of the CMA and the ICO in the development and testing of the Privacy Sandbox proposals, to ensure they deliver effective outcomes for consumers that protect both competition and privacy Google to adopt a more transparent process than initially proposed, including engagement with third parties and the publication of test results, with an option for the CMA to require Google to resolve issues raised by the CMA or third parties...

Read More Right Arrow