Cap meaning

This Checklist offers a proposed set of key points to weigh up when assessing whether a construction agreement—be that a building contract, a consultant appointment or a collateral warranty—can be assigned. It also sets out the practical steps to be taken to complete an assignment of the benefit of a construction contract from one party to another. Does the construction contract contain assignment provisions? Construction agreements commonly include an explicit clause addressing the parties’ rights to assign under it. Where the contract says nothing about assignment, either side may assign the contract without limitation or constraint. In some cases, the contract will expressly bar assignment by one or both parties. Usually, the employer is not wholly barred from assigning; however, there is often a cap on how many assignments can occur without the other party’s consent (see further on restrictions below). See Practice Note: Assignment in construction contracts. Are there any restrictions on the right to assign? Construction...

The Pre-Action Protocol for Personal Injury Claims Below the Small Claims Limit in Road Traffic Accidents (RTA Small Claims Protocol) is engaged for collisions taking place on or after 31 May 2021. For RTA personal injury matters, the small claims track cap for general damages—covering pain, suffering and loss of amenity (PSLA)—now stands at £5,000, save for exceptions in CPR 26.10 and CPR 26.11. The protocol is intended for situations where a person has sustained injuries in a road traffic accident (including, though not confined to, whiplash) and wishes to pursue compensation, provided the sum claimed for the injury does not exceed £5,000 and the value of the case does not exceed £10,000. It operates for claimants pursuing personal injury compensation from RTAs within these injury and overall value limits. For additional guidance on using the RTA Small Claims Protocol, consult Practice Note: The road traffic accident small claims protocol...

This quick-reference checklist supports calculating whether an applicant meets the relevant thresholds for eligibility under family immigration routes. It specifically helps with reviewing both the main financial requirement and the adequate maintenance requirement for routes under Appendix FM of the Immigration Rules... Which financial requirement applies? New application from 11 April 2024: £29,000 Renewal or extension from 11 April 2024 (including fiancés converting to partner): £18,600 (plus applicant child increment, capped at £29,000) Pending application made before 11 April 2024: £18,600 (plus applicant child increment, no cap) Sponsoring applicant in receipt of a specified benefit or applying on a specified route (e.g. as a parent): Adequate maintenance based on current income support rates (see below) Where applicable, child increments are: +£3,800 for the first child and +£2,400 for each extra child; e.g. +1 child = £22,400, +2 children = £24,800, +3 children = £27,200, and +4 children = £29,600 (unless capped at £29,000). British children and those with leave under...

FORTHCOMING CHANGE: On 26 November 2025, as part of Budget 2025, it was confirmed that, with effect from 6 April 2026, the EMI gross assets ceiling will be increased from £30 million to £120 million, the maximum number of full-time equivalent employees will rise from 250 to 500, and the overall aggregate cap on the value of unexercised EMI options that a company or group may have in existence at any given time will be lifted from £3 million to £6 million...

Mergers Court of Justice dismisses appeals by German energy utility companies regarding Commission’s decision to approve the acquisition by E.ON of the distribution and retail energy business as well as certain general assets of Innogy The Court of Justice has handed down its judgments in joined appeals C-171/24 P, C-172/24 P, C-173/24 P, C-174/24 P, C-175/24 P, C-176/24 P, C-177/24 P, C-178/24 P, and C-179/24 P, brought by German energy utilities against the Commission. These challenges targeted the General Court’s rulings that had rejected actions seeking annulment of the Commission’s decision conditionally authorising a related transaction involving E.ON and RWE’s assets. Each appeal was dismissed by the Court of Justice. The nine appeals concerned the General Court’s judgments in cases T-53/21, T-55/21, T-56/21, T-58/21, T-59/21, T-61/21, T-62/21, T-64/21, and T-53/21, which upheld the Commission’s 17 September 20219 decision conditionally clearing the acquisition by RWE of E.ON’s renewable and nuclear electricity generation assets (M.8870). The Court of Justice dismissed all nine appeals. Background RWE and E.ON are...

In this issue: Air emissions and climate change Contamination and pollution Energy efficiency and buildings Energy for environmental lawyers Environmental information Environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Nature, biodiversity and habitat conservation Waste Water, flooding and drainage Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Air emissions and climate change Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR)-UK government publishes Business Model documentation On 27 August 2025, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) released a suite of papers on its proposed Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGR) Business Model and accompanying policy. The Lexis+ Energy team, working with Navraj Singh Ghaleigh, Senior Lecturer in Climate Law at the University of Edinburgh Law School, set out the context for the GGR Business Model; its relationship with the Power BECCS Business Model; the technologies the GGR framework intends to encompass; its legal footing and principal features; and how...

In this issue: Investigating criminal conduct Criminal procedure and evidence Proceeds of crime Sentencing Bribery, corruption, sanctions and export controls Consumer protection and cartels Cybercrime and data protection offences Environmental offences Financial services and pensions offences Health and safety and corporate manslaughter offences Insolvency offences and Companies Act offences Money laundering International Other corporate crime news Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Investigating criminal conduct Standards of candour in closed hearings, and corporate witness statements (Attorney General v BBC; R (‘Beth’) v IPT) When scrutinising MI5’s actions across two High Court cases, the court addressed the grave consequences of presenting inaccurate material within closed hearings. It outlined the tightly confined situations that can justify a departure from open justice under section 6 of the Justice and Security Act 2013 (JSA 2013). The court further...

CASE HUB ARCHIVED This archived case hub reflects the position as at the judgment of 7 December 2022; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline. Case facts Outline Appeal before the General Court seeking annulment of the Commission’s readopted infringement decision of 17 December 2020, which imposed a reduced fine amounting to €9.4m (AT.39563). Latest development On 7 December 2022, the General Court delivered its judgment and dismissed the appeal in full. In particular, it found that: (i) CCPL grasped the Commission’s reasoning, and the material presented by CCPL was insufficient to overturn the presumption applied by the Commission that CCPL exercised decisive influence over entities within the CCPL group; and (iii) the Commission did not err in concluding that a fine reduction can only be warranted by the aim of preventing the undertaking’s economic viability from being irreparably endangered and its assets stripped of value, so the applicant’s intention to develop operating companies of the CCPL group cannot, in principle, justify such...

What is the Pensions Advice Allowance? Following consultation in 2016/17, the government brought in, from 6 April 2017, the Pensions Advice Allowance. It enables eligible pension scheme members to withdraw a fixed sum from their pension pot tax-free to cover holistic retirement advice. At the member’s instruction, the scheme may therefore reduce the value of the member’s pot by the advice fee and pay the funds straight to the member’s adviser. This measure stemmed from the Financial Advice Market Review, which highlighted an advice gap affecting people who require retirement planning support but cannot meet the cost from net-of-tax income or savings. It is available in addition to other existing advice allowances and payment routes for advice. These include adviser charging, which does not permit pension monies to be used to fund holistic retirement advice. For further details, see Other types of pensions advice measures below. The government’s aim is to help those preparing for retirement to use the Pensions Advice Allowance to fund holistic...

ARCHIVED : This Practice Note is archived and is no longer maintained. From 1 April 2017, the worldwide debt cap rules were repealed and superseded by the corporate interest restriction (CIR) rules. Accordingly, the worldwide debt cap described here should be treated as relevant only for periods before 1 April 2017, being the date the CIR took effect. For any period straddling that date, the debt cap should be applied to a notional period ending on 31 March 2017. For more on the CIR, which replaces and repeals the debt cap, see Practice Note: Corporate interest restriction. Relief for finance costs of UK-resident companies that are members of large groups may be restricted (ie disallowed) where, broadly, the group’s UK-based net debt exceeds 75% of the group’s gross debt (the gateway test). The debt cap applies to periods of account beginning on or after 1 January 2010. The provisions that bring about the restriction are often termed the worldwide debt cap regime (although it is possible that the regime...

Substantial cash transactions can indicate money laundering, terrorist funding, or proliferation financing. Do not take any monies (cash or otherwise) from a [ customer OR client ] until the [ customer OR client ] due diligence (CDD) checks have been finalised. While no statutory cap exists on cash, our internal cash policy states you must not receive cash [ over the limit of £[ 250 ] ] in the office or paid straight into our bank...

PLEASE READ THE TERMS OF THIS LICENCE CAREFULLY This legally enforceable agreement is between you (the ‘Licensee’) and us (‘[ INSERT LICENSOR COMPANY NAME ]’, ‘Licensor’, ‘we’ or ‘us’). It grants you a licence (the ‘Licence’) for the [ INSERT NAME OF SOFTWARE (INCLUDING THE VERSION AND LATEST RELEASE NUMBER AND A BRIEF DESCRIPTION IF REQUIRED) ], together with any complimentary Updates, Upgrades, patches, fixes or workarounds issued by the Licensor under this Licence, and all related data, media or documents (collectively, the ‘Software’). For clarity, this Licence does not constitute a sale of the Software; we remain the sole and beneficial owners of the Software at all times. BY SELECTING ‘ACCEPT’ AT THE CONCLUSION OF THIS LICENCE, YOU CONFIRM THAT YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS BELOW, WHICH WILL BIND YOU AND ANY AUTHORISED LICENSEES WHEN ACCESSING, DOWNLOADING OR USING THE SOFTWARE. PLEASE PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY SET OUT IN CLAUSE 10. THIS IS A BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS LICENCE AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR CONSUMERS. YOU SHOULD...

FORTHCOMING CHANGE: At Autumn Budget 2024 on 30 October 2024, alterations to Agricultural Property Relief were announced, under which the 100% rate of relief will be restricted from April 2026. From that date, it will no longer apply to the entire value of qualifying agricultural property, but instead only to the first £1m of value. The portion of agricultural property above £1m will attract only 50% BPR. Any property which qualifies for business property relief (BPR) will need to be brought into account when assessing whether the £1m threshold is exceeded. For information on these changes, including draft legislation published with Autumn Budget 2024, see: Autumn Budget 2024 (paras 2.51 and 5.54), (para 2.12) and OOTLAR (para 2.12) and Autumn Budget 2024—Private Client analysis. 1 Legacy of qualifying agricultural property on discretionary trust 1.1 In this clause 1, ‘Qualifying Agricultural Property’ means any property whose agricultural value is treated as reduced by 100% by virtue of the property being agricultural property, through the application of sections...

Much will turn on the exact provisions settled between the parties; for example, whether the essential component of child maintenance was set as a fixed sum with no top‑up payable at the time of the initial order because, at that stage, the payer’s earnings did not cross the relevant threshold. It will also matter whether, when that basic maintenance figure was determined, a 50/50 shared care regime was already in place and operating from the outset. The calculation used in the order appears to mirror the approach endorsed by Mostyn J in CB v KB, particularly at paragraph [49], where he indicated that in any case in which the non‑resident parent’s gross annual income does not exceed £650,000, the starting benchmark should be the output of the formula, disregarding the cap on gross annual income set at £156,000...

In this Q&A we have assumed: the deceased’s assessment was correctly calculated a typical financial profile (not, for instance, no recourse to public funds) no top-up was due or paid no deprivation the income-based assessment was up to date Charging for a resident assessed as full cost and availing themselves of a deferred payment agreement would normally be as follows: income contribution: income minus personal allowance, per charging cycle remainder (after 12-week disregard) deferred against property Confirm the first was paid. For the second, check overcharging against beneficial interest; the lower capital limit is £14,250, not £23,250. Assessable capital = beneficial interest − 10% − £14,250 (Care and Statutory Support Guidance 8.12). Example: £200,000 interest gives £165,750. Systems may overrun, exceeding assessed capital; if so, reassess and cap recovery at that, with any surplus proceeds kept by the estate. Deprivation or unpaid income are not protected by the lower limit. If the...