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Carbon Capture and Storage meaning

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What does Carbon Capture and Storage mean?
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) describes, in legal practice, the activities by which carbon dioxide from industrial or power generation sources is captured, compressed, transported (by pipeline or ship) and injected for permanent geological storage in saline aquifers or depleted oil and gas reservoirs, to mitigate climate change. Although “CCS” is a descriptive expression, its components are legally defined and regulated. In the UK, offshore geological storage is licensed under the Energy Act 2008 and related regulations, administered by the North Sea Transition Authority. In Ireland, and formerly across the UK, the EU CCS Directive 2009/31/EC underpins requirements for storage permits, monitoring, financial security, corrective measures, and post-closure transfer of responsibility. Capture plants, pipelines and shipping terminals also require planning or development consent and environmental permits. Usage and core concepts are broadly consistent across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, though consenting authorities and procedures differ by jurisdiction. Typical legal work includes: storage appraisal and licensing; transport and storage network access; wayleaves and rights; environmental impact assessment; emissions trading implications; leakage liability and indemnities; decommissioning; and risk allocation in project, financing and M&A documentation. CCS is referred to alongside carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS).
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View the related News about Carbon Capture and Storage

NEWS
Weekly energy law update: security package, market codes, renewables, LDES, hydrogen/CCUS, nuclear reforms, planning rights and climate levy—key consultations, statutory instruments and practitioner deadlines

In this issue: Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation, licensing and taxation Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Hydrogen, CCUS and emerging technologies Nuclear energy Planning issues in energy projects Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Energy resources on Lexis+® Daily and weekly news alerts Key developments and materials DESNZ announces accelerated measures to boost UK energy security DESNZ has unveiled a suite of actions to reinforce and speed up the UK’s energy security in light of events in the Middle East. For the first time, ‘plug-in solar’ will be permitted in the UK. The department plans to advance the next annual renewables auction to July 2026 and has confirmed that the government will adopt the Fingleton Review’s recommendations to hasten delivery of nuclear power stations. It has also moved to safeguard consumers, working...

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NEWS
Anticipating disputes in the low-carbon hydrogen value chain: joint ventures, certification, pricing, construction, interfaces, trade, ESG and investment

Overview Hydrogen is the universe’s most plentiful chemical element and, in some uses and certain applications, yields only water at the point of use. Although the fuel itself is colourless, it is often labelled by ‘colours’ according to the production route, depending on how it is produced. Black, brown and grey hydrogen arise from coal or natural gas, with grey presently the most widespread form produced and currently the most commonly produced type. Blue hydrogen likewise originates from natural gas, but its manufacture is paired with carbon capture and storage to deliver a more carbon neutral variant. Green hydrogen, by contrast, relies on renewable electricity (for example, from solar or wind) to split water through electrolysis. Because electricity is the key input, green hydrogen sits within the so‑called ‘power‑to‑x’ world of technologies and applications which are attracting significant investment. Together, green and blue hydrogen are generally referred to as ‘low carbon hydrogen’. A closely related field showing promise is also green (and blue) ammonia as well...

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NEWS
UK and EU environmental law weekly update: climate and energy (Spring Budget), enforcement, ESG, chemicals, marine, waste and biodiversity—7 March 2024

In this issue: Air emissions and climate change Environmental enforcement and prosecutions Energy for environmental lawyers ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Key developments and materials Marine Waste producer responsibility regimes Wildlife, biodiversity and habitat conservation LexTalk Environment: a Lexis Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trackers Useful information Air emissions and climate change DESNZ has released the government’s response to the consultation on regulatory proposals for the CCUS transport and storage Revenue Support Agreement counterparty direction. The CO2 T&S business model aims to catalyse early carbon capture, transport and storage networks by providing revenue support. The response confirms it is suitable to move forward with regulations concerning the Secretary of State’s power to direct a counterparty to make an offer to contract. See: LNB News 29/02/2024 40. DESNZ has also opened a call for evidence to inform a future policy framework for...

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View the related Practice Notes about Carbon Capture and Storage

PRACTICE NOTES
UK CCUS Regulatory Framework: Storage Licences and Permits, Ofgem Transport and Storage Economic Licences, Environmental Permitting and Post-closure Duties

For comprehensive analysis of the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition under the laws of England and Wales, see also: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. That textbook offers an in-depth exploration of matters addressed in this Practice Note. What is carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS)? The term CCUS is sometimes described as ‘carbon capture and storage’ (CCS); broadly, CCS represents a narrower subset within the same sector. CCS describes a range of processes that capture and store CO 2 emissions from industrial activities...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Subsidy Control Act 2022 (UK): Subsidy Advice Unit closed cases tracker, 2023–2026

This table presents all finalised cases referred to the Subsidy Advice Unit (SAU) under the Subsidy Control Act 2022 (SCA 2022). For updates on active referrals under the SCA 2022, see: UK subsidy control—ongoing cases tracker. For information on appeals against subsidy control decisions, see: UK subsidy control—appeals tracker... 2026 Referral of the proposed Bus Network Support Grant subsidy scheme by West Midlands Combined Authority — Sector: Transport Report released—11/05/2026 SAU accepted the referral request—26/03/2026 Referral of the proposed Mayoral Revolving Growth Subsidy Scheme by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government — Sector: Building and construction Report released—07/05/2026 SAU accepted the referral request—24/03/2026 Referral of the proposed subsidy to Center Parcs Scotland Limited by South of Scotland Enterprise — Sector: Recreation and leisure Report released—07/05/2026 SAU accepted the referral request—24/03/2026 ...

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PRACTICE NOTES
NSTA Strategy (UKCS): MER UK and net zero obligations, plans, safeguards and sanctions for petroleum licence holders, operators and infrastructure owners

In March 2022, the Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) adopted a new name and is now the North Sea Transition Authority (NSTA). To avoid any uncertainty, this Practice Note uses the term NSTA, even where, at the time in question, the body was called the OGA. Mentions of the NSTA also cover its previous incarnation as the OGA. In the same way, this Practice Note cites any issued documents or strategies using the updated NSTA title, despite their original publication under the OGA name. For instance, what used to be termed the ‘OGA Strategy’ is described here as the NSTA Strategy. Although legislation still refers to the organisation by its former title, the OGA, relevant functions are performed by the NSTA. Accordingly, statutory references appearing in legislation outside this Practice Note are, in practice since March 2022, to be read as referring to the NSTA. What is the NSTA Strategy? The Petroleum Act 1998 (PA 1998), as amended by the Infrastructure Act 2015, imposes a duty, first on...

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