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Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) meaning

What does Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) mean?
In legal practice, Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) describes the capture of waste carbon dioxide at source (or from ambient air), its compression and transport (for example by pipeline or ship), and its permanent injection into suitable geological formations so that it is not released into the atmosphere. Across the UK (England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) and Ireland, CCS is a descriptive term; related elements are defined and regulated in legislation. In the UK, the Energy Act 2008 and the Storage of Carbon Dioxide (Licensing etc.) Regulations 2010 govern geological storage, with offshore storage licences granted by the North Sea Transition Authority and seabed rights from the Crown Estate/Scottish Crown Estate. The Energy Act 2023 introduces economic licensing of CO2 transport and storage networks, overseen by Ofgem. In Ireland, CCS is regulated under the European Communities (Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide) Regulations 2011 implementing Directive 2009/31/EC. Typical legal issues include licensing and consents, monitoring, reporting and verification, long‑term liability and transfer of responsibility, financial security, decommissioning, third‑party access and interaction with emissions trading and planning law. Where captured CO2 is used rather than permanently stored, practitioners generally refer to CCUS (carbon capture, utilisation and storage); contracts should state whether ‘use’ is...
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View the related News about Carbon Capture Storage (CCS)

NEWS
Environmental law and policy roundup: climate, energy, buildings, nuclear, case law, information rights, ESG, chemicals, marine, biodiversity, waste and water—weekly updates, 12 June 2025

In this issue: Air emissions and climate change Energy efficiency and buildings Energy for environmental lawyers Environmental disputes and proceedings Environmental information ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Marine Nature, biodiversity and habitat conservation Waste Waste producer responsibility regimes Water, flooding and drainage Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content United Kingdom Environmental Law Association (UKELA) Annual Conference Air emissions and climate change DESNZ releases evaluations of CCUS and Industrial Fuel Switching and Hydrogen Supply innovation programmes The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) has issued two independent evaluations of its Energy Innovation Programme (EIP). The first evaluation reviews the Carbon Capture and Utilisation Demonstration (CCUD) innovation programme, the Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS) Innovation programme, and the Accelerating CCS Technologies (ACT) programme, spanning 2016–21. The second evaluation examines the £21m Industrial Fuel Switching and £33m Hydrogen Supply programmes. Both evaluations consider...

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NEWS
UK energy law and policy update, 19 June 2025: Ofgem licensing guidance, code changes, Capacity Market decisions, offshore wind and hydrogen investments, CCS funding, smart metering (DCC) reforms, fusion prototype.

In this issue: Key developments and materials Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Electricity Code Modifications Renewable energy Capacity Market, balancing services and energy system flexibility Nuclear energy Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Key developments and materials Spending Review 2025—Key Energy and Environment announcements On 11 June 2025, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon Rachel Reeves MP, laid before Parliament the government’s Spending Review 2025 (SR25). This News Analysis spotlights the SR25 announcements and pledges most pertinent to the energy and environment sectors. See News Analysis: Spending Review 2025—Key Energy and Environment announcements. Access secured to six market-leading energy law titles We are pleased to confirm that we have recently broadened our Lexis+ Legal Research service by obtaining an exclusive licence from Globe Law and Business to publish six market-leading energy...

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NEWS
UK environmental law update: EU dynamic alignment inquiry, ETS maritime expansion, nuclear regime reform, EOR replacing EIA, EA enforcement powers, key judgments, plus Welsh waste, marine and flood updates

In this issue: Key developments Air emissions and climate change Energy for environmental lawyers Environmental assessment Environmental disputes and proceedings Environmental enforcement and prosecutions Environmental information Environmental taxes, reliefs and incentives ESG and sustainability Hazardous substances and chemicals Nature, biodiversity and habitat protection Marine Waste Waste producer responsibility Water, flooding and drainage Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Key developments European Affairs Committee launches inquiry into UK-EU dynamic alignment The House of Lords European Affairs Committee has opened a call for evidence for a fresh inquiry into dynamic alignment, as part of the parliamentary scrutiny of the government’s UK-EU reset. As the tenth anniversary of the Brexit vote nears, the inquiry will assess the implications of prospective UK-EU arrangements under which the UK would align with specified areas of EU law, engage in EU law decision-shaping processes, and make financial contributions to relevant...

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View the related Practice Notes about Carbon Capture Storage (CCS)

PRACTICE NOTES
UK CCUS Regulatory Framework: Storage Licences and Permits, Ofgem Transport and Storage Economic Licences, Environmental Permitting and Post-closure Duties

For comprehensive analysis of the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition under the laws of England and Wales, see also: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. That textbook offers an in-depth exploration of matters addressed in this Practice Note. What is carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS)? The term CCUS is sometimes described as ‘carbon capture and storage’ (CCS); broadly, CCS represents a narrower subset within the same sector. CCS describes a range of processes that capture and store CO 2 emissions from industrial activities...

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PRACTICE NOTES
CCUS planning and consenting in England and Wales: CCR, NSIP and Electricity Act 1989 s 36, NPS EN-1 to EN-3, and Welsh CCS policy context

This Practice Note examines the planning regime that applies to carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) schemes in England and Wales. For a wider survey of CCUS roll-out across UK, including the creation of CCUS commercial models to unlock private capital in the field, see Practice Note: UK CCUS—an overview. For further detail on the non-planning licensing and permitting obligations relevant to CCUS projects in the UK, see Practice Note: Carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS)—UK permitting requirements. For comprehensive commentary on the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition under the laws of England and Wales, see also: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. That textbook provides in-depth treatment of topics addressed in this Practice Note. For fuller legal analysis and discussion of CCUS, see also the textbook: Carbon Capture and Storage. What is carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS)? Overview Carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) encompasses a range of processes that capture, store and/or utilise...

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PRACTICE NOTES
EU industrial carbon management: CCUS and removals—ETS exemptions, Net Zero Industry Act targets, CCS permitting, TEN-E transport, certification and forthcoming CO2 market rules

What is ‘carbon management’ and why is it necessary? Under Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of 30 June 2021 (the EU Climate Regulation), the EU is legally bound to cut carbon emissions by 55% versus 1990 levels by 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Meeting these milestones demands substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. At EU level, the principal driver is the Fit for 55 legislative package, brought forward under the 2019 European Green Deal. In parallel with EU and Member State measures to abate emissions, the EU acknowledges the contribution of carbon management to delivering its climate objectives. This Practice Note surveys EU initiatives on carbon management, concentrating on the principal legislative incentives and enabling frameworks intended to accelerate deployment of industrial carbon capture for use and storage, as well as industrial carbon removals. Carbon management encompasses a suite of interconnected technologies, set out in the table below...

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