CEDE meaning

FORTHCOMING CHANGE: A consultation, which ended on 7 July 2025, invited feedback on ways to streamline, update and reshape HMRC’s approach to dispute resolution, with the goal of boosting awareness of the existing procedures and widening access to (and participation in) alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and statutory review routes. It further suggests adopting a clearer, harmonised appeals framework that draws together the strengths of the different models currently operating for both direct and indirect tax disputes. For additional detail, see the News Analysis pieces: Tax update spring 2025—Tax analysis—Taxes management and dispute resolution and Tax update spring 2025—Improving HMRC’s approach to dispute resolution. This Checklist was prepared and authored by Anne Redston, Barrister. It represents her personal opinion; she is not authorised to speak for the Tribunals Service or the judiciary. Receipt of an HMRC decision usually triggers the timetable for an appeal to the First-tier Tax Tribunal (FTT). This Checklist may help you avoid overlooking vital points at that crucial juncture, when swift, informed action is required...

Polling 1,000 adults on 29 January 2025 for retirement savings platform PensionBee, 11% reported feeling 'comfortable' with AI in the lead, yet they still resisted full automation and were not ready to cede all decision-making just yet. The research, highlighted on PensionBee’s blog on 12 February 2025, revealed strong support for a blended model of pension customer service, with 79% of participants favouring this option overall instead. Luis Mejia, PensionBee’s vice president of data, noted in a statement that the findings indicate pension savers regard AI as useful, but the technology is not yet capable of fully supplanting human know-how. Mejia added that savers want the best of both worlds: quicker service and round-the-clock availability, with reassurance from human oversight...

Re Avanti Communications Ltd (in administration) [2023] EWHC 940 (Ch) What are the practical implications of this case? Avanti is poised to carry three major consequences for restructuring lawyers, insolvency litigators, and finance lawyers. First, the ruling lowers the bar for taking fixed security, notably over fixed assets. It confirms that the Spectrum analysis is nuanced, and that absolute control is not a prerequisite for a fixed charge. The assets in Avanti were ‘fixed’ income‑producing capital assets rather than receivables or stock‑in‑trade, leaving charges over such property, in particular, less susceptible to recharacterisation. Second, although the facility documentation was intricate, it drew on Loan Market Association (LMA) templates. Those contracts included permissions for the debtor to dispose of assets where (among other conditions) proceeds were paid through a creditor ‘waterfall’, or where assets had become obsolete. Avanti confirms that these permissions, and other provisions that cede a measure of control back to the debtor, do not automatically reclassify a fixed charge as floating. Third, if it is easier...

Deutsche Bank AG v Alexander Vik [2026] EWCA Civ 581 What was the background? In 2013, Deutsche Bank AG secured judgment against Sebastian Holdings Inc (SHI), a company controlled by Mr Alexander Vik, following major trading losses and unmet margin calls. SHI remained liable to the bank for more than US$360 million. In 2015, the Commercial Court, relying on CPR 71.2(1)(b), ordered Mr Vik-then an SHI director-to attend for examination and to provide information and documents concerning SHI’s assets and how the judgment debt might be met. He was personally served within the jurisdiction. Although he later resigned as director and left the jurisdiction, he did attend before Cooke J in December 2015. He was subsequently found to have lied repeatedly during that examination and to have deliberately withheld documents. Deutsche Bank then brought contempt proceedings under CPR 81, which resulted in findings of contempt and a suspended committal order requiring a further examination. Due to procedural complications, however, the suspension period expired before that further examination took place....

Introduction to the EU legal system The EU legal order is sui generis—unmatched by any other legal system, even if it incorporates elements from many. To grasp its operation, resist folding it into a national template (or measuring it against one) and watch how it behaves from multiple perspectives. From the outset, the EU (then the EEC) was meant to evolve into more than a mere economic community, hence the founding Member States consented to cede slices of sovereignty to newly created 'supranational' institutions. Supranational, as the term suggests, describes authority set above a national framework. The label marks the contrast with intergovernmental arrangements, where choices are made by consensus and remain tied to the interests of national governments. Once inside the EU, Member States can no longer enact, on their own, laws within fields allocated by the EU Treaties, ie the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), and by their predecessors, to the EU institutions, that competence being...

The following table contains our assessment of business continuity risk within our organisation: Risks are set out with their impact (low/medium/high), likelihood (low/medium/high), and the steps already in place to lessen, avoid, or transfer them. Flooding Impact: High; Likelihood: Low. The chance of flooding affecting the firm’s office is slight. We can relocate to a temporary workspace if an incident occurs at our premises. The office occupies the third floor of the building. It is a serviced space overseen by the landlord. Routine inspections of pipework, boilers and the water supply take place under the office’s overall maintenance programme. Additional regular checks of the pipework, boilers and water supply are carried out by the landlord. The firm owns the property and uses all three storeys. Archived records are kept in the basement. Although flood risk is low, raised flooring has been fitted to protect files from water damage. Periodic checks of the plumbing and heating...