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Co-decision procedure meaning

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What does Co-decision procedure mean?
Co-decision procedure is the EU law-making process in which the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union jointly adopt legislation on a proposal from the European commission. Now officially called the ordinary legislative procedure and set out in Article 294 TFEU, it places Parliament and Council on an equal footing through successive readings; if agreement is not reached, a conciliation committee seeks a compromise, commonly developed in trilogues. Acts are adopted if approved by a qualified majority in the Council and the requisite majority in Parliament. The procedure applies to most EU policy areas and results in regulations and directives binding on Member States. Co-decision remains a widely used descriptive label, while the formal terminology and steps are defined in the Treaties rather than case law. Usage is consistent across England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, but post-Brexit it is primarily relevant contextually: the UK no longer participates, though EU measures made under this procedure may still matter for cross-border work and, under the Windsor Framework, may apply directly in Northern Ireland. In Ireland, the ordinary legislative procedure remains the principal route for EU legislation and central to tracking and implementing EU measures.
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View the related Checklists about Co-decision procedure

CHECKLISTS
Checklist for lodging Employment Appeal Tribunal appeals from Employment Tribunal decisions: documents, 42-day deadline and HMCTS E-Filing (England and Wales and Scotland)

REMEMBER: The 42-day appeal deadline finishes at 4pm on the 42nd day. It is YOUR duty to ensure ALL required papers are submitted within that period. DO NOT LEAVE IT UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE. If your appeal is missing documents or pages, it is classed as ‘not properly instituted’, meaning it has not been correctly lodged. The Checklist Read sections 1 to 3 of the EAT Practice Direction 2024 and the T440 Guidance. Notice of Appeal: have you completed every section of the Notice of Appeal from decision of Employment Tribunal (Form T444)?...

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CHECKLISTS
Employer Performance and Capability Management Flowchart: Informal Support, Formal Warnings, Mediation, Reasonable Adjustments, Dismissal and Appeal (England, Scotland and Wales)

This flowchart outlines the steps an employer should take once a performance or capability concern is identified, including collecting key documents such as the contract of employment and appraisal records, considering mediation, appointing who will carry out performance monitoring, arranging informal and then formal meetings, deciding on dismissal or another sanction, and overseeing the appeal stage. Click below to view or print the full-size PDF version: Note 1—identifying whether there is a performance issue If an employee’s output falls short of the required standard, the employer may choose to address it under its performance procedure. For an example procedure, see Precedent: Policy and procedure—performance and capability. A clear distinction should be drawn between misconduct and underperformance. Where conduct is the concern, a disciplinary process is the correct route—see Practice Note: Managing performance—Dealing with poor performance. Before commencing any formal action, review the terms of the employer’s performance procedure and check, for example, whether specific time periods are required between each stage...

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CHECKLISTS
Creditors’ Voluntary Liquidation (England and Wales): From Appointment to Closure - Notifications, Committees, Director Conduct, Investigations and Dividends Checklist

This Checklist outlines the position in relation to a creditors’ voluntary liquidation (CVL) with effect from 6 April 2017. Notifications The appointed liquidator must provide the registrar of companies with the following: a copy of the statement of affairs, to be delivered within five business days after the conclusion of the decision procedure or deemed consent procedure relating to the liquidator’s appointment a copy of the notice of appointment of liquidator, to be sent within 14 days of the appointment The registrar of companies should be notified using Form 600CH. If the liquidator chooses to move the company’s registered office to their business address, they should also submit to the registrar of companies a copy confirming the change of registered office (if this has not already been filed). In February 2014, Companies House issued guidance answering frequently asked questions about insolvency filings at Companies House (most recently updated on 10 March 2022). The guidance contains a list of the...

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View the related Flowcharts about Co-decision procedure

FLOWCHARTS
UK FSMA 2000 regulated activities: decision flowchart for lawyers (RAO scope, exemptions, appointed representatives, PRA-regulated activities)

Complaints handling flowchart This complaints handling flowchart is designed to align with Precedent: Internal complaints handling procedure—law firms. Issue it to team members or attach it to your internal complaints handling procedure, offering a concise overview of your complaints process and the relevant timescales involved...

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FLOWCHARTS
External SARs to the NCA: Decision Flowchart for Lawyers on Internal Referrals, Nominated Officer, LPP and Defence/Consent (POCA, TA 2000, MLR 2017)

Stage 1—preparing to bring a claim and pre-action matters Guidance on UK trade mark infringement, offences, passing off, interim injunctions, running IP disputes, privilege, dispute resolution (mediation and arbitration), and the Disclosure Scheme; plus checklists and forms (injunction, application, hearing) Stage 2—Letter before action alleging infringement Notes on infringement, passing off, unjustified threats and drafting; includes a trade mark letter of claim precedent Stage 3—commencing proceedings Procedure, defences and exceptions, IPEC flowchart, pleadings and initial disclosure precedents, and CPR/Part 36 forms Stage 4—case management Procedure and Disclosure Scheme notes, court guides (Chancery, Patents Court, IPEC and Small Claims), and case management questionnaires, Disclosure Review Document, Certificate of Compliance, budgets and directions Stage 5—disclosure and evidence Surveys and witness evidence (PD 57AC), privilege, disclosure (including electronic) and flexible trials; witness statement and Extended Disclosure precedents; affidavits, applications and certificates Stage 6—trial...

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FLOWCHARTS
CMA cartel leniency: UK corporate whistle-blower application and co-operation flowchart

Flowchart This Flowchart offers a concise reference to decide if an application for a charging order ought to be filed at the Civil National Business Centre (a CNBC case) or submitted somewhere else (a non-CNBC case). For guidance, consult Practice Note: Charging orders—how and where to apply...

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NEWS
EU competition update 8 January 2025: STRABAG/Becker JV clearance, simplified merger notifications, and CJEU State aid hearing in Commission v Bulgaria

Mergers Following a phase I investigation, the Commission approved the formation of a joint venture between STRABAG AG and Becker Umweltdienste GmbH (M.11790)—see further, Midday Express. The Commission received notifications for: General Atlantic/PSG/Hostaway (M.11864) (simplified merger procedure) Eichler Consulting/Maximilian Aicher/Evelyne Maria Aicher/Wolfgang Reitzle/Telchar Investments/RMH Production (M.11842) (simplified merger procedure) Ares/GCP (M.11787) (simplified merger procedure) Note—For ongoing merger investigations before the Commission, see the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid The Court of Justice held a hearing in Case C‑632/23 Commission v Bulgaria (Échanges de terrains forestiers II), an action brought by the Commission against Bulgaria for failing to comply with Decision SA.26212 concerning aid granted to private forest owners—see further, application. Note—For all live State aid appeals before the Court of Justice, see the Court of Justice State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Upcoming dates For dates of forthcoming EU competition developments, see...

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NEWS
EU competition law daily update: merger clearances and notifications, policy dialogue, and CISAF state aid for Spanish EV value chain, plus key dates (5 March 2026)

Mergers The Commission approved Brookfield Corporation’s takeover of sole control of Oaktree Capital Group Holdings, LLC (M.12284) following a phase I review—see further, Midday Express The Commission received filings for: Clarios/Ecobat Germany/Ecobat Austria (M.12145) (ordinary merger procedure) JLL/PIF/FMTECH (M.12358) (simplified merger procedure) NOTE—For all active merger probes before the Commission, see further, EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker Competition policy The Commission stated that Executive Vice-President, Teresa Ribera, convened an implementation dialogue on the effects of mergers, productivity, sustainability, and the cost of living—see further, implementation dialogue and Midday Express NOTE—For all current EU competition law legislative, guidance and wider policy work, see further, EU competition horizon scanning—2026 and beyond State aid The Commission adopted a decision under the Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework (CISAF) authorising a Spanish measure (valued at €200m) to back strategic investments expanding manufacturing capacity across the electric...

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NEWS
EU competition law briefing: merger updates, State aid environmental access‑to‑justice consultation, Apple appeal, football no‑poach reference, DMA provisional finding against Meta, AI policy speech (1 July 2024)

Mergers The Commission approved KKR & Co. Inc’s takeover of sole control of Encavis AG (M.11542) after a phase I review—see further details in Midday Express. The Commission has received notification of Blackstone/Winthrop Technologies (M.11548) under the normal merger procedure. NOTE—For current merger inquiries before the Commission, consult the EU mergers—ongoing cases tracker. State aid Commission launches consultation on new procedure for access to justice in State-aid related environmental matters The Commission has opened a consultation on a proposed procedure designed to enable public access to justice for certain Commission decisions on State aid measures, for challenges based on alleged breaches of EU environmental law. More specifically, under the proposal, eligible members of the public—ie environmental non-governmental organisations—would be able to request an internal review by the Commission of a State aid decision for purported violations of EU environmental law. Those eligible applicants would have a right of redress before the EU Courts...

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View the related Practice Notes about Co-decision procedure

PRACTICE NOTES
Extradition Act 2003: Statutory and Optional Bars to Extradition from the UK (Parts 1 and 2), with ECHR and TCA Considerations

This Practice Note examines the statutory bars to extradition from the UK contained in section 11 of the Extradition Act 2003 (EA 2003). There are numerous specific grounds that an individual may rely upon to resist extradition under EA 2003. Some of these grounds apply across both categories of request, while others are confined to EA 2003, Pt 1 or EA 2003, Pt 2 requests only. For an overview of the statutory scheme under EA 2003, see Practice Note: Extradition and the statutory framework—an introduction to extradition. For further guidance on the procedure applicable to EA 2003, Pt 1 and EA 2003, Pt 2, see Practice Note: Extradition under Parts 1 and 2 of the Extradition Act 2003—procedure. Statutory bars At the extradition hearing, the district judge will assess whether the request relates to an extradition offence and whether any of the statutory bars to extradition apply. The statutory grounds for opposing extradition are then considered in turn...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Conducting and compromising family proceedings where capacity is in issue (England and Wales): assessment, expert evidence, litigation friends, vulnerable participation, and funding

This Practice Note This Practice Note outlines how the family courts address questions of capacity and the methods for assessing it, including the use of expert opinion. Within family proceedings, capacity is pertinent both to a person's ability to litigate and to settle proceedings, such as by agreeing a consent order. The focus is chiefly on an adult's capacity, or on cases where a 16–17 year old is involved in the proceedings and is expected to lack the necessary decision-making capacity on reaching 18. For matters concerning children's representation, see also Practice Note: Children as parties to public law proceedings. Broader issues about capacity in the context of family relationships are addressed in Practice Note: Capacity to marry, cohabit and have sexual relations. In Richardson-Ruhan v Ruhan, Mostyn J observed that a person's capacity to run proceedings is not contingent on receiving legal advice (whether sound or poor); if, with the benefit of advice, they would be able to take the required decisions, they have capacity, regardless of whether...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Variation of Deferred Prosecution Agreements in England and Wales: grounds, procedure, publication obligations and key case law

For guidance on what deferred prosecution agreements (DPAs) are and how they work, see Practice Note: Deferred prosecution agreements, which explains their operation. In what circumstances can a DPA be varied? The statutory power to amend a DPA sits squarely in paragraph 10 of Schedule 17 to the Crime and Courts Act 2013 (CCA 2013) itself. A DPA may require alteration in two situations: where the court invites the parties to vary the DPA under CCA 2013, Sch 17 Pt 1, para 9(3)(a), namely where the organisation has breached the agreement and the court wants the parties to put forward proposals to cure the organisation’s non-compliance, by agreement between the parties as invited by the court, accordingly (see Practice Notes: Financial penalties as a term of a DPA—Late payment and breach of a DPA and Breach of a DPA) where a variation is required to prevent the organisation failing to comply with its obligations in circumstances that were not, and could not reasonably...

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View the related Precedents about Co-decision procedure

PRECEDENTS
Unreasonable Costs Application Template for the First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) for Respondent non-attendance under Rule 9(2)(b), Tribunal Procedure Rules 2014 (SI 2014/2604)

In the First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) Appeal No: XXXAPPLICANT NAME – AppellantANDSECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT Application for costs under 9 (2) of the Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) Rules 2014, SI 2014/2604 1 Introduction This application is brought pursuant to paragraph 9 (2) (b) of The Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) Rules 2014, SI 2014/2604. The appellant seeks a costs order on the basis that the respondent has behaved unreasonably in the conduct of these proceedings. 2 This application has been made in-time, within 28 days of the date of [ insert relevant event or decision ] and has been served on the respondent. 3 Background The appellant is pursuing an appeal against a refusal of her human rights claim. A’s claim was refused on [ insert date ] and an appeal was submitted on [ insert date ]. The Tribunal listed a substantive hearing for [ date ] at [...

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PRECEDENTS
Disciplinary procedure: letter confirming dismissal on notice after final written warning - template with appeal rights, notice/PILON, holiday pay, deductions and property return

[ To be typed on the employer’s headed notepaper ] [ Insert date ] Dear [ insert name of employee ], Re: [ insert name of employer ] (the Company) I write to [ inform you of OR confirm ] the Company’s decision reached following the disciplinary hearing on [ insert date ] [ , at which you were accompanied by [ insert name ], ]. As you know, on [ insert date ] you were notified in writing that a final written warning had been issued in line with the Company’s [ dismissal and disciplinary procedure ]. That correspondence explained that any further misconduct [ within [ 12 ] [ months OR weeks ] ] was likely to lead to dismissal. As outlined during the disciplinary hearing, the Company considers your conduct to remain unsatisfactory and has decided that you will be dismissed in accordance with the Company’s [ dismissal and disciplinary procedure ]...

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PRECEDENTS
Template letter to GP or capacity assessor for completion of COP3 Part B for statutory Will application, with MCA 2005 guidance (Court of Protection, England and Wales)

Dear [ insert name of GP or other appropriate capacity assessor ] Re: [ insert name of patient ] We act on behalf of [ insert name of proposed deputy ] and understand that the above-named individual is your patient and under your care. Our client has asked us to prepare an application to the Court of Protection seeking approval of a statutory Will on behalf of [ insert name of patient ]. By way of context and background, [ Insert, as appropriate, background information about P’s property and affairs, testamentary history and current testamentary intentions, if these can be ascertained ] Any application to the Court of Protection for a statutory Will must be supported by evidence of capacity in Form COP3, which is enclosed for your completion. The form consists of two parts, A and B. Part A has already been completed by our client. We would be grateful if you could kindly complete Part B of the form, bearing in...

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View the related Q&As about Co-decision procedure

Q&As
EAT appeal: Can respondent withdraw 2 weeks pre‑hearing after filing Answer, without sanction?

Response to appeal Under the Employment Appeal Rules 1993 (EAT Rules), SI 1993/2854, rule 6(2) provides that a respondent who intends to oppose an appeal must lodge with the Appeal Tribunal a written answer in accordance with, or broadly following, Form 3 contained in the Schedule to these Rules, setting out the grounds on which they rely. Nevertheless, where the respondent seeks to rely on any ground that mirrors a ground adopted by the employment tribunal when making the judgment, decision, declaration or order under appeal, it is sufficient simply to say so in the answer, and it shall be sufficient to state that fact in response. For further details, see Practice Note: Responding to an appeal...

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Q&As
After LPA quashes permission for neighbour notice failure: notify all neighbours or only those omitted?

Before reaching a decision on a planning application, a local planning authority (LPA) must run a consultation period to gather opinions on the proposed development. This encompasses public consultation. It is open to all members of the public, who may submit representations. To make that process work, the LPA is required to publicise the planning applications it receives. Statutory provisions Section 65 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (TCPA 1990) enables a development order to require that notice is given of any application for planning permission and to make provision for publicising such applications, and it bars an LPA from considering an application unless those requirements are met by virtue of that section. The Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015, (TCP(DMP)(E)O 2015), SI 2015/595 is the current development order in England, which sets out the minimum statutory requirements governing the publicity of planning applications. The principal requirements are found in (TCP(DMP)(E)O 2015), SI 2015/595, art 15...

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Q&As
s.25 LTA 1954: tenant co-freeholder - compel co-landlord to sign

Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 (LTA 1954) Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 (LTA 1954) affords security of tenure to business tenancies that have not opted out of its terms. In practical terms, a tenancy does not end on the contractual expiry date by effluxion of time; rather, it continues as a statutory tenancy. Either the landlord or the tenant may apply to the court seeking the grant of a new tenancy. By virtue of LTA 1954, s 25, the landlord may give notice to the tenant to terminate the tenancy. If the landlord wishes to oppose the grant of a new tenancy, they must identify one of the grounds set out in LTA 1954, s 30(1). If the landlord does not oppose the grant of a new lease, the landlord must set out the landlord’s proposals as to: the property to be comprised in the new tenancy the proposed rent under the new tenancy the other...

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