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Co-operative and community benefit societies meaning

What does Co-operative and community benefit societies mean?
In legal practice, this term describes the registered‑society vehicle used to run mutual or community‑purpose businesses, giving separate legal personality and limited liability to members. In England & Wales and Scotland it is a statutory concept under the Co‑operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (which replaced the Industrial and Provident Societies regime). In Northern Ireland, closely aligned provisions exist under the Co‑operative and Community Benefit Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 2016. In Ireland, comparable bodies are registered as co‑operative societies under the Co‑operative Societies Act 2024 (previously under the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts); “community benefit society” is not a distinct statutory category there. Key features include democratic control (typically one‑member‑one‑vote), the ability to carry on a business, and limited liability. A co‑operative society operates for the mutual benefit of its members. A community benefit society must primarily benefit the wider community and commonly adopts a statutory asset lock; such societies may qualify as charities where their purposes are exclusively charitable. Societies can raise finance through withdrawable share capital (community shares). In Great Britain they are registered with, and regulated for registration purposes by, the Financial conduct Authority; in Northern Ireland by the Registrar. Common uses include social enterprise, housing, leisure and...
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View the related Practice Notes about Co-operative and community benefit societies

PRACTICE NOTES
Execution formalities and clauses for charities, private trusts, unincorporated associations and registered societies—deeds and simple contracts, with precedents and Q&As

This Practice Note signposts resources on the correct execution of deeds and simple contracts by incorporated and unincorporated charities, private trusts and unincorporated associations, including guidance, precedent clauses and Q&As. Incorporated charities Execution formalities and clauses For guidance on proper execution by incorporated charities, see Practice Notes: Execution formalities—incorporated charities Executing deeds and documents in property transactions—charities Forming enforceable contracts—authority—Charities For examples of execution clauses where an incorporated charity is entering into: a simple contract (rather than a deed), see Precedent: Execution clause—charities (incorporated)—contract a deed (rather than a simple contract), see Precedent: Execution clause—charities (incorporated)—deed Co-operative and community benefit societies and execution clauses For information on co-operative and community benefit societies—what they are, the legal framework governing them, and guidance on structure and registration—see Practice Note: Co-operative and community benefit societies. For examples of execution clauses where a co-operative and community benefit society is entering into: ...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Executing deeds and simple contracts by companies, overseas companies and corporate bodies: formalities, seals, board approvals—guidance, precedents and Q&As

This Practice Note signposts material on the correct execution of deeds and simple contracts by companies, corporate bodies and corporations, including guidance, Precedent clauses and Q&As. Companies Act 2006 Execution formalities and clauses For direction on executing documents by companies on or after 6 April 2008—the date the relevant provisions of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) took effect—see Practice Notes: Execution formalities—companies Forming enforceable contracts—authority—Companies Act companies For specimen execution clauses where a Companies Act company is entering into: a simple contract (not a deed), see Precedent: Execution clause—company—contract a deed (as opposed to a simple contract), see Precedent: Execution clause—company—deed Seals For guidance on company seal requirements, see Practice Note: Requirements of the company seal. For detailed information on the use of electronic seals in information exchanges between businesses when signing contractual documents, see also Practice Note: Electronic signatures. Company constitution For guidance on company constitutions, including what they...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Executing deeds in charity property transactions: methods by structure, required statements, delegation, Official Custodian and HM Land Registry practice (England and Wales)

Incorporated v unincorporated charities Charities commonly adopt a range of incorporated and unincorporated forms. Corporate forms eligible for charitable status include: a charitable company (almost always a company limited by guarantee) a co-operative society or community benefit society (formerly termed industrial and provident societies) charity trustees incorporated under Part 12 of the Charities Act 2011 (CA 2011) a charitable incorporated organisation (ie the limited-liability model created by Part 11 of CA 2011), requiring registration solely with the Charity Commission a body corporate established by Act of Parliament or Royal Charter (eg the Official Custodian for Charities) Unincorporated charities take one of two forms: a charitable trust; or a charitable unincorporated association Charitable company A charitable company may enter into contracts, execute deeds and issue other documents in the same way as any company formed under the Companies Acts...

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View the related Q&As about Co-operative and community benefit societies

Q&As
1919 registered society: insolvency under the Co‑operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 or IPSA 1965, and MVL availability under IPSA 1965

The Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1965 (IPSA 1965) has been revoked. The Co‑operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (CCBSA 2014) now regulates how registered societies are formed and run. Per CCBSA 2014, s 1(1)(b), ‘registered society’ covers, via CCBSA 2014, s 150, societies which, immediately before 1 August 2014, were registered or regarded as registered under IPSA 1965 at that time...

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Q&As
CCBS member admission restrictions under the Co‑operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014

Section 14 of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (CCBSA 2014) The statute requires that a Co-operative and Community Benefit Society’s rules set out how members are admitted. In a CCBS, individuals who hold shares (often described as ‘shareholders’) are not ‘appointed’; rather, they gain membership under the society’s own rules, which are established by its directors. While CCBSA 2014 imposes no statutory limits on admitting members, the society’s rulebook should be reviewed, as it typically contains specific provisions governing the process for bringing new members into the society. For more information, refer to Practice Note: Co-operative and community benefit societies. Those provisions are set by the board and are applied when assessing membership applications received...

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