Company limited by shares meaning

Individuals or entities that may be entered onto a PSC register: registrable individuals holding significant control registrable relevant legal entities subject to their own disclosure requirements: all UK companies limited by shares or by guarantee (including community interest companies (CICs)) and dormant companies UK unlimited companies UK limited liability partnerships (LLPs) unregistered companies subject to the Unregistered Companies Regulations 2009 (including some Royal Chartered bodies, such as City of London Livery Companies, Guilds and other societies and professional bodies) UK Societas...

This Checklist Outlined here are details of those provisions of the Companies Act 2006 that can be incorporated, excluded or altered by the company's articles of association of a private company limited by shares...

Parties Who are the parties involved? In particular, specify: the investor(s) the managers the investee company (newco) Conditions Are there any conditions to completing the investment? What are each party’s obligations to meet those conditions, and by what deadline? Share subscription What will the investee company’s capital structure be? Which class and how many shares will each shareholder (the investor, the managers and any other shareholders) subscribe for? Warranties Who will give the warranties? Is it limited to the managers? Will they be provided jointly, jointly and severally, or on a several basis? How wide will the warranties be? It is usual for investment agreement warranties to centre on the business plan and the managers, as the acquisition agreement generally affords the investor sufficient protection regarding the company. What restrictions will apply to warranty claims? These may include: periods within which claims must be notified caps on each warrantor’s liability and on...

This Flowchart This flowchart sets out the steps to be followed by any limited company with a share capital—whether public or private—when implementing a reduction of its capital using the court procedure, in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. View or print a full-size PDF version:...

Flowchart This diagram explains the necessary steps that are to be taken by a private company limited by shares to implement a reduction of capital via the solvency statement process, in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. View or print a full-size PDF version:...

View or print a full-size PDF version:...

In this issue: UK NSI 2021 EU antitrust EU competition policy EU State aid LexTalk®Competition: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Caselex UK NSI 2021 High Court refuses application for interim relief by FTDI Holding regarding national security order to sell its shares in Future Technology Devices International Limited The High Court has handed down its judgment in FTDI Holding Ltd v Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, arising from FTDI Holding Ltd’s attempt to obtain interim relief against the defendant’s direction requiring it to divest its 80.2% interest in Future Technology Devices International Limited (FTDI). The proceedings addressed FTDI Holding’s request to pause enforcement of that order. The court declined to grant the interim relief sought. Background On 5 November 2024, following a national security assessment, the Government made a final order under section 26 of the National Security and Investment Act 2021 (NSIA 2021). The...

Osmond and Allen v HMRC [2025] UKUT 183 (TCC) The taxpayers owned shares in a company that met the conditions for EIS disposal relief. In late 2014, worried that the EIS rules might be overhauled, they sought to lock in that relief while it was still available. Achieving this required triggering a CGT disposal, so they carried out share buy-backs. The price paid on the buy-backs was limited to no more than a return of capital, ensuring no income tax charge arose, and any CGT was removed by the EIS disposal relief. HMRC then issued counteraction notices under the transactions in securities (TiS) provisions, assessing the taxpayers to income tax on the basis that their main purpose in undertaking the buy-backs was to obtain an income tax advantage. Before the FTT, HMRC put forward two arguments. Its primary contention was that having a principal purpose of obtaining EIS disposal relief ‘necessarily’ meant the taxpayers had a...

In this issue Court of Protection UK taxation for private clients Updates to HMRC Manuals Tax avoidance, evasion and non-compliance Budgets and Finance Bills Private client insolvency Digital and crypto assets Charity and philanthropy Disputed trusts and estates Pensions, insurance and tax‑efficient investments International Further Private Client updates this week Question of the week News alerts—daily and weekly LexTalk® Private Client: a Lexis+® community New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q&As Useful information Court of Protection Court rules that an anonymity application under CPR 39.2(4) and section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 must proceed on a statutory basis (PMC (a child by his mother and litigation friend FLR) v Local Health Board) The claimant, a boy born in 2012, pursued a clinical negligence action against an NHS trust for injuries at birth. The claim, issued in March...

People with significant control (PSC) regime The architecture of the people with significant control (PSC) regime, which first commenced on 6 April 2016, is contained in Part 21A of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006). Its purpose is to tackle worries about the lack of transparency in corporate ownership, where historically the register captured only the legal holder of shares, not always the beneficial owner. By requiring a PSC register, more precise and up‑to‑date details are available about who ultimately owns and directs companies and other bodies, and this information is made public via the central register at Companies House and remains accessible to the public. It assists prospective investors in their decision‑making. It likewise aids law enforcement bodies with money laundering enquiries. LLPs formed under the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 must keep a record of persons with significant control over the LLP under the Limited Liability Partnerships (Register of People with Significant Control) Regulations 2016, SI 2016/340 (the LLP Regulations), as amended by the Information about People...

A well-maintained register of people with significant control (PSC) should make publicly available who ultimately owns and controls companies and other entities. The PSC framework applies to UK-incorporated companies limited by shares or by guarantee (including unlimited companies, unregistered companies, community interest companies and dormant companies), limited liability partnerships (LLPs), and eligible Scottish partnerships, namely Scottish limited partnerships and Scottish qualifying general partnerships (ESPs). For clarity, this guide chiefly refers to companies. For information on the regime’s scope, including how a company might most effectively obtain relevant beneficial ownership details, see Practice Note: PSC register—the people with significant control regime. Corporate transparency reform—changes to the PSC regime The Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 (ECCTA 2023) received Royal Assent on 26 October 2023 and is being introduced in phases across multiple commencement dates. Many provisions will only commence once detailed secondary legislation and guidance are in place, while others require the rollout of new technical processes and tools before they can operate. ...

This Practice Note looks at the principal considerations and steps when establishing a company limited by shares or by guarantee. What is a company? A company is a business vehicle that exists as a separate legal entity, distinct from its members. It is owned by its members and run by its directors. It is governed by the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006). Companies are widely used; more than 5 million are on the UK public register maintained by Companies House. Under the CA 2006, the following company types are available: Public or private companies limited by shares — see Practice Notes: Private companies limited by shares and Public companies limited by shares Private companies limited by guarantee (primarily used by charities and other not-for-profit organisations — see Practice Note: Companies limited by guarantee) Unlimited companies (comparatively uncommon — see Practice Note: Unlimited companies) For details on other business vehicles, see Practice Note: Forms of business vehicle — fundamentals....

Exclusivity letter—private M&A—share purchase Strictly private and confidential To: [ Insert potential seller name ] [ Insert potential seller address ] FAO: [ Insert name of relevant contact at the potential seller ] Date: [ insert date ] Dear [ Insert name of relevant contact at the potential seller ], Proposed acquisition of the entire issued share capital of [ insert target company name ] Limited (the Company) from [ insert seller name ] (the Seller) 1 Introduction Further to our recent conversations regarding the proposed purchase by [ insert buyer name ] (or another member of its group of companies) (the Buyer) of [ the entire issued share capital OR [ insert other description of number of shares being sold ] ] of the Company (the Sale Shares) from the Seller (the Proposed Acquisition). Each of the Seller and the Buyer is a party and, together, they are the parties...

Company registration number: [ insert company number ] [ insert company name ] [ LIMITED OR LTD ] Minutes for a meeting of the board of directors (the Meeting) of [ insert company name ] [ Limited OR Ltd ] (the Company) Held at [ insert place of meeting ] Held on [ insert day, month and year of meeting ] at [ insert time of meeting ] [ am OR pm ] Present: [ Insert names of directors attending, in person or by any remote method (unless such methods are expressly excluded by the company’s articles of association) ] [ by [ insert means of attendance for each director joining remotely ] ] [ In attendance: ] [ [ Insert name of any person present, in person or by any remote means, who does not count towards the quorum for the meeting (eg the company secretary, any legal advisers) ] ] [...

[ insert company name ] [ LIMITED OR PLC ] (the Company) At a meeting of the Company’s board on [ insert date ], it was resolved that [ [ insert name of single corporate representative ] OR the persons named below ] are appointed as the Company’s corporate representative[ s ] [ for the shares shown next to each name ] to act for the Company [ in person or by remote electronic means ] at the annual general meeting of [ insert company name ] PLC on [ insert date ] at [ insert time ] at [ insert address ] [ , and also via the electronic facilities available through [ insert URL of virtual meeting platform ] (the Virtual Meeting Platform ) ] [ : OR . ] Name Shares [ insert name of multiple corporate representative ] — [ insert number and class of shares for which the representative is appointed ] I certify this is a...

This Q&A considers whether This Q&A explores whether, when a company is planning multiple share buybacks, it must put in place distinct share buyback contracts, each addressing a single intended buyback, or whether a single, overarching share buyback contract may instead cover all the intended buybacks, with each completing on a separate date. It proceeds on the basis that the company concerned is a private company limited by shares proposing to buy back shares off-market and that the contemplated buyback is neither for the purposes of, nor pursuant to, an employees’ share scheme within the meaning of section 1166 of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006)...