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Conditional fee agreement meaning

What does Conditional fee agreement mean?
An agreement under which a solicitor or counsel is paid only if the case succeeds (“no win, no fee”). The contract defines “success” and, on success, permits payment of base costs plus an agreed “success fee” uplift; if the case fails, professional fees are not charged, though the client may still be liable for disbursements and any adverse costs (often insured via after-the-event (ATE) cover). A CFA is distinct from a damages-based agreement (contingency fee), which takes a percentage of recoveries. In England and Wales, CFAs are governed by the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (sections 58 and 58A), as amended by LASPO 2012. Success fees are capped and, save for limited statutory exceptions, are not recoverable inter partes; they are normally payable by the client from damages or other recoveries. In Scotland, similar arrangements are commonly called speculative fee agreements. Success fees are generally payable by the client; separate statutory rules apply to damages-based agreements under the Civil Litigation (Expenses and Group Proceedings) (Scotland) Act 2018. In Northern Ireland, the position is more restrictive and remains shaped by rules on maintenance and champerty; practitioners should check current legislation and professional guidance. In Ireland, “no foal, no fee” arrangements are used,...
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View the related Checklists about Conditional fee agreement

CHECKLISTS
Conditional fee agreements outside personal injury/clinical negligence: SRA compliance and success fee checklist (England and Wales)

A: General requirements Fill in section A for every conditional fee agreement (CFA), other than those for personal injury or clinical negligence, as these fall under a different checklist. If any question is answered ‘no’, the proposed CFA might not be enforceable and/or you could contravene the SRA’s regulatory framework...

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CHECKLISTS
Arbitration funding and third-party finance: practitioner checklist on options, funder engagement, confidentiality, champerty, disclosure and security for costs

When considering an arbitration, you should consider: how the dispute will be financed and managed overall can the client realistically cover your professional fees together with the arbitration expenses? could another party or source be prepared to pick up the entire bill? is any relevant insurance already in place and available? would after-the-event insurance cover be an appropriate option? might your firm accept a conditional fee arrangement, a damages-based agreement, or some other funding structure? See Funding Arrangements—Overview (note: this link is not arbitration-specific) is the client open to exploring third-party funding? ...

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CHECKLISTS
Archived checklist: pre-2013 CPR provisions on additional liabilities (success fees and ATE premiums) and funding arrangements (England and Wales)

ARCHIVED: This Checklist has been archived and is no longer maintained. It outlines historic provisions that were revoked on 1 April 2013 and continues to be unmaintained. Nevertheless, owing to transitional arrangements, those provisions may still hold relevance in proceedings where a conditional fee agreement or an insurance policy was entered into before 1 April 2013. These are the same provisions referenced within CPR PD 48, para 1.3 accordingly herein...

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NEWS
Discounted CFAs: interim invoices are not statute bills; EWCA in Signature Litigation v Ivanishvili on Solicitors Act 1974 s 70 assessments and SRA client money (England and Wales)

Signature Litigation LLP v Ivanishvili [2024] EWCA Civ 901 What are the practical implications of this case? The Court of Appeal used this case to restate a well-known worry: as Lord Justice Coulson observed at [22], the 1974 Act has been widely criticised for not being updated to reflect modern practice. When the SA 1974 came into force, conditional fee agreements (CFAs) were unlawful, and retainers were largely based on an ‘entire contract’ model, allowing costs to be fully quantified for any period while litigation was ongoing. That is not the position with conditional fee retainers, where the total costs payable (covering all additional liabilities) cannot be fixed until the litigation has concluded. Accordingly, solicitors should note that under any CFA—even a ‘discounted CFA’—interim invoices will not be final statute bills if an additional fee is intended to be added to that invoice once the case ends. In practical terms, this means an interim bill, even if presented and paid, may not be final for a considerable time,...

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NEWS
Weekly PI and Clinical Negligence Update (England and Wales): NHS Resolution claims agreement, kinship fostering vicarious liability, RTA apportionment, discount rate review, costs budgeting orders, and interim CFA billing

In this issue: Key PI and clinical negligence developments Vicarious liability Road traffic accidents Damages Costs Daily and weekly news alerts Useful information Key PI and clinical negligence developments NHS Resolution announces new clinical negligence claims management agreement On 27 August 2024, NHS Resolution, together with representatives of claimant medical negligence solicitors and injured patients, signed a new Clinical Negligence Claims Agreement. This replaces the COVID-19 Clinical Negligence Protocol 2020, which ensured claims could continue to progress efficiently during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The updated arrangement builds on that Protocol by setting out how parties should work co-operatively. It also recognises, for injured patients and bereaved families, the importance of learning from patient safety incidents so that similar occurrences are not repeated. Suzanne Farg, Director at Fieldfisher, reviews the key points to take from the revised protocol. See News Analysis: NHS Resolution announces new clinical negligence claims management agreement...

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NEWS
R (Clydesdale Financial Services Ltd) v FOS: High Court upholds award on motor finance discretionary commissions; dealer conduct attributed under CCA 1974 s56; FCA Principle 6 breach (England and Wales)

What are the practical implications of this case? Appreciating the reach of this ruling will also aid advisers guiding clients on broker commission structures and their potential effect on the interest charged under a conditional fee agreement, together with the precise disclosures that must be made to consumers about any commission in place. Commission arrangements of the sort agreed between Arnold Clark and Clydesdale in this matter were prohibited by the FCA in 2021. Nonetheless, the court acknowledged that a significant number of car purchases occurred in contexts where those or comparable terms existed or might have applied, or could potentially have been present. The Ombudsman concluded that Arnold Clark recommended to Ms Lewis a Clydesdale finance product (the conditional sale agreement) which formed part of the overall transactional package enabling her to acquire the vehicle, alongside the part exchange of her previous car and a modest cash contribution. Arnold Clark’s recommendation of Clydesdale’s finance terms constituted part of its antecedent negotiations ‘in relation to the goods...

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PRACTICE NOTES
2016 appellate civil litigation round-up: key Supreme Court, Court of Appeal and Privy Council decisions on procedure, contract, tort, costs, jurisdiction and remedies

Court of Appeal—professional negligence ARCHIVED : This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. The Court of Appeal upheld an appeal in a claim against solicitors, holding that the loss of a chance head of damage was too remote. At first instance, the judge concluded that Lewis Silkin LLP had fallen below the required standard by not advising their client to include a jurisdiction provision in his employment agreement with a franchisee involved in the Indian Premier League’s Twenty20 competition. Because no jurisdiction clause appeared in the contract, when the client later issued proceedings against the franchisee over a severance entitlement, he faced jurisdictional challenges (ultimately dismissed) brought by the franchisee, which postponed his obtaining judgment for £10 million in severance. The client’s case was that, with proper advice on jurisdiction, the contract would have contained an exclusive jurisdiction clause. On that footing, he said, he would have secured judgment for the severance sum sooner (as there would have been no hold‑ups arising from jurisdiction objections) and...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Catastrophic personal injury claims in England and Wales: early case management, liability, limitation, funding and rehabilitation under the Rehabilitation Code 2015 and Serious Injury Guide

Definition of a catastrophic injury It is often the case that practitioners reserve the label ‘catastrophic’ for only the gravest injuries, sometimes confining it to harm so serious that the injured person requires continuous, 24‑hour care. These Practice Notes, together with the related Practice Notes in the catastrophic claims subtopic, do not adopt so narrow or overly precise a definition or classification. Instead, they address injuries that will permanently alter a claimant’s life, frequently stripping them of the ability to live wholly independently and curtailing, or even removing, their capacity to work. Where the repercussions of the accident and ensuing disability are so fundamental, the quantum of any award secured will have a pronounced effect on the quality of life the claimant—and very often their family—is able to enjoy. Nature of the role of the claimant’s solicitor In a catastrophic injury case, the claimant’s solicitor may receive their first instructions whilst the claimant remains hospitalised, and everyday domestic life, for the time being, is effectively on hold...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Employment tribunal damages-based agreements: practitioners’ guide to enforceability, caps, calculation, termination, appeals and compliance under the DBA Regulations 2013 and CLSA 1990

This Practice Note sets out how the damages-based agreement (DBA) framework functions in the context of employment cases. Separate provisions govern DBAs in wider civil litigation and in personal injury matters, and those areas fall outside the scope of this Practice Note. For additional assistance on those topics, refer to the Practice Notes: Damages-based agreements (DBAs) and Damages-based agreements—personal injury and clinical negligence. For a general overview of litigation funding, see Funding arrangements—overview. The legal context Historically, a solicitor having a financial stake in the result of a client’s contentious matter was widely regarded as objectionable: to provide unbiased and proper advice, the solicitor was expected to remain disinterested and to receive the same remuneration whether the case succeeded or failed. Any bargain that turned on future events (for example, a fee contingent upon the outcome, or a contingency fee arrangement) clearly conflicted with that principle and was treated as ‘maintaining’ the proceedings. Where the bargain involved sharing in the proceeds of the litigation, it was described as...

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PRECEDENTS
Conditional Fee Agreement template for insolvency office-holders (post-6 April 2016): solicitor-client terms on success fees, costs recovery, counsel CFA and ATE insurance (England and Wales)

This Agreement is entered into on [ date ] Parties [ Company Name ] [ (in liquidation, etc) ] [ (the ‘ Company ’) acting through ] [ name(s) of insolvency practitioner(s) ] [ (the ‘ Liquidator ’), (the ‘ Administrator ’), etc ] [ (and all successors in title) ] [ acting as agent for the Company, except as provided in this Agreement ] ( [ together ] the ‘ Client ’) [ both ] of [ address ]; [ Firm Name and Address ] (the ‘ Firm ’). It is hereby agreed as follows: 1 Definitions 1.1 In this Agreement: Appeal means any request for permission to appeal and/or an appeal to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court from a lower court’s decision, or to a Judge from a decision of a District Judge, Registrar, Master or Insolvency and Companies Court Judge, in relation to the Claim Basic Costs means the fees...

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PRECEDENTS
Short-form conditional licence to assign—new tenancy—landlord’s letter precedent (England and Wales) including AGA, security and HM Land Registry requirements

Conditional consent to assign WARNING: Use this precedent only for the most straightforward, low‑value cases; in most others the long‑form licence to assign—new tenancy—should be used. [LANDLORD’S LETTER HEADING] DATE: [ date ] Dear [ complete as appropriate ] — Re: [ licence OR consent ] to assign We consent to assignment of the Lease to [ name of assignee ] (the Assignee) on these conditions: Provide an authorised guarantee agreement in the attached form, executed as a deed by you [and the Tenant’s Guarantor]. Pay all rent and other sums due up to completion. The Assignee must give guarantees or security, reasonably acceptable to us, assuring payment (including increases) and compliance with the Lease. Complete within [3] months of this letter, otherwise our consent lapses. On completion, give the Assignee’s rent address; serve notice with a certified copy and pay a £[ amount ] registration fee; the Assignee’s solicitors must apply promptly for any HM Land Registry registration, then...

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PRECEDENTS
Precedent client letter: CFA (no win, no fee) post‑1 April 2013—irrecoverable success fee and ATE premium; base costs recovery, disbursements, barrister fees and cancellation rights (England and Wales)

Standard CFA (success fee and costs insurance premium not recoverable inter partes) We have explored several ways to fund your costs, including: legal expenses insurance, e.g. under your home or car insurance through a trade union or other membership organisation via a third-party funding arrangement through legal aid [any other method you may have discussed] As none of these routes is available or appropriate, we have agreed to act for you on a no-win-no-fee basis. This is a conditional fee agreement (CFA), and we have enclosed the agreement with this letter. We are satisfied that this CFA suits your needs and serves your best interests. Key features of no-win-no-fee The table below sets out what you would be responsible for if you succeed, and whether those sums can be recovered from your opponent. Our base costs, which depend on the time spent on your case and are calculated at the hourly rates stated in...

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