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Debtor days meaning

What does Debtor days mean?
In legal and transactional practice, debtor days (also called days sales outstanding or DSO) describes how long, on average, a company takes to collect cash from customers for credit sales. It is a descriptive accounting metric, not defined by statute or case law, used across corporate, finance, commercial and insolvency contexts. Typical calculation: trade debtors (trade receivables/accounts receivable) ÷ annual sales (turnover) × 365. Some practitioners use average receivables over the period, or a 360‑day year, to reduce period‑end distortion. Example: trade debtors £700,000 and sales £12m gives about 21.3 days. Lower debtor days indicate stronger credit control, working capital efficiency and cash flow. High or rising debtor days may signal slow collections, potential bad debts, aggressive revenue recognition, or extended payment terms imposed by major customers. Cash businesses (including most retailers) should show very low debtor days because payment is taken at sale. Lawyers encounter debtor days in due diligence, completion accounts and working capital adjustments, loan reporting and financial covenant testing, disputes over unpaid invoices, and assessments of insolvency risk and late‑payment exposure (for example under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998 (UK) and the European Communities (Late Payment in Commercial Transactions) Regulations 2012 (Ireland)). Usage is...
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View the related Checklists about Debtor days

CHECKLISTS
Creditor’s bankruptcy petition following service of a statutory demand: procedural checklist and timetable (England and Wales)

Step/action Time (days) Section/rule 1. Draft the statutory demand. Depending on the type of debt asserted, consult: (Form SD2) r 10.1 Statutory Demand under Section 268(1)(a) of the Insolvency Act 1986. Debt for Liquidated Sum Payable Immediately (Formerly form 6.1) (Form SD3) r 10.1 Statutory Demand under Section 268(1)(a) of the Insolvency Act 1986. Debt Payable at Future Date (Formerly form 6.3) (Form SD4) r 10.1 Statutory Demand under Section 268(1)(a) of the Insolvency Act 1986. Debt for Liquidated Sum Payable Immediately Following a Judgment or Order of the Court (Formerly form 6.2) Day 1 Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 (IR 2016), SI 2016/1024, r 10.1; Section 268 of Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986) 2. Arrange and complete service of the statutory demand on the debtor. Service should ordinarily be personal unless circumstances are exceptional. Day 2–10 IA 1986, s 268; IR 2016, SI 2016/1024, r 10.2; PDIP, para 12.7 3....

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View the related Practice Notes about Debtor days

PRACTICE NOTES
Third party debt orders: frequently asked questions on scope, process, and special assets (crypto, pensions, funds in court) under CPR Part 72 (England and Wales)

This Practice Note addresses several frequently asked questions that may arise when deciding whether to pursue a Third Party Debt Order (TPDO). For guidance on what a TPDO is and the steps to obtain one, see Practice Notes: What is a third party debt order (TPDO)? How to apply for a third party debt order (TPDO) Does a TPDO have to be issued against a financial institution? No. You can apply for a TPDO against any third party within the jurisdiction that owes money to your debtor. This extends to an individual who is a debtor of the judgment debtor. Can a TPDO be made in respect of cryptocurrency? Following the decision in Ion Science Ltd v Persons Unknown (2020) (not reported by LexisNexis), the High Court confirmed that crypto assets are capable of being treated as property and can be traced and enforced against, including via an application for a TPDO. For guidance, see News Analysis: First third-party debt...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Insolvency document service: methods, time limits, alternative service and service out of the jurisdiction for bankruptcy petitions, winding-up and administration applications (England and Wales)

Opening proceedings When insolvency proceedings are begun, each route has its own procedure for service of the requisite documents. The positions for bankruptcy, compulsory liquidation and administration are outlined below. Bankruptcy Where a creditor presents a bankruptcy petition, it must be personally served by that creditor (or someone acting for them) on the debtor, unless the court orders substituted service. This is addressed in paragraph 1 and the table at the end of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016 (IR 2016), SI 2016/1024, Schedule 4. Service is commonly effected by the petitioning creditor, their solicitor, or authorised agent delivering a sealed copy of the bankruptcy petition to the debtor. The petition must be served at least 14 days before the first hearing, save where the court treats it as an expedited petition because: the debtor has absconded the court is satisfied the case merits an expedited hearing, or the debtor gives written consent to a hearing within 14 days ...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Priority of security interests: worked examples across fixed and floating charges, shares, receivables, land, tacking and registration under English law

Practice Note: Priority between security interests This Practice Note provides illustrations of how the rules on priority may operate in practice with reference to the relevant English law principles. It complements, and should be read alongside, our other Practice Notes on priority. New examples are added to this Practice Note on a regular basis. If you encounter a priority issue in practice that you would like us to cover, please use the LexisAsk function to inform us. Practice Note: Priority between security interests outlines the rules on priority from a more technical standpoint and should be consulted for the black letter law that supports the practical examples in this Practice Note. It is important to recognise that English law priority rules are complex and are widely acknowledged not to be clear in every respect. Outcomes can also be influenced by the parties’ actions, meaning law firms will often decline to provide an opinion on the priority of security and specialist advice may need to be obtained if there is...

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PRECEDENTS
Law firm cash flow and profitability ratios: calculation and benchmarking template (current ratio; WIP, debtor and creditor days; gross and net profit margins)

Current ratio Date of calculations: [ insert date of calculations ] Formula: Current assets ÷ Current liabilities Calculation: Result: Result from previous month/year: % movement: If the ratio slips under 1.0, the firm lacks sufficient current assets to meet its current liabilities as they become due. Compare this outcome to the previous current ratio result. If the current ratio is declining and nearing 1.0, calculate the other ratios to gain a clearer view of why the firm is running out of money...

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