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Development Yield meaning

What does Development Yield mean?
Development yield describes the return on cost for a property development. It is usually calculated as the annual net rental income at stabilisation divided by the total development cost incurred to deliver the scheme. The numerator is typically the net operating income after allowing for letting incentives, voids and non‑recoverable outgoings; the denominator commonly includes land, construction, professional fees, statutory charges/levies, marketing, contingencies and, if agreed, finance costs. Also called yield on cost or cost yield. This is not defined by legislation or case law; it is a market and valuation expression used across real estate development, lending and investment (including in RICS‑governed practice). It is used to assess viability, negotiate forward funding or forward purchase terms, set hurdles in development agreements and test banking covenants. Development yield should be distinguished from investment yields (such as initial or equivalent yield), which compare rent to the market value of the completed investment, not to cost. Parties should agree: whether income is measured gross or net (usually net), which costs are included in “total development cost”, and the timing point (practical completion or stabilisation). Usage and meaning are broadly consistent across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland.
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