Dial-up connectivity meaning

Mergers Notifications received for: NewPrinces/Carrefour Italia (M.12121) under the normal procedure; and Tata Motors/Iveco Group (M.12138), Hartree/ED&F Man Chile (M.12149), Amphenol/Commscope (Connectivity and Cable Solutions) (M.12173) plus KKR/Cinven/CVC/Nemean Midco (M.12191) under the simplified procedure. Clearances covered: Ferrero Group’s acquisition of sole control of CPK SAS (M.12086); a joint venture by EVH Grüne Energie – Beteiligung GmbH & Co. KG and HSBC Alternative Investments S.C.A. SICAV-RAIF (M.12128); joint control of Heroiks SAS by LBO France Gestion SAS and EMZ Partners SAS (M.12167); and joint control of Vinventions Holding S.à r.l. by L-GAM II SCSp and Hayfin Capital Management LLP (M.12171), each following a phase I investigation—see Midday Express. State aid The Commission approved, under EU State aid rules, a French scheme reimbursing the T2 surcharge owed by rail freight operators for certain statutory employees—see the press release. An application has been lodged with the General Court in Case T-478/25, Wizz Air Hungary and Wizz Air Malta v Commission, challenging Decision...

UK developments FCA speech highlights need for clarity and higher standards in transition finance The Financial Conduct Authority has released a speech by Alicia Kedzierski, head of department in the sustainable finance division, delivered at the Loan Market Association’s Sustainable Finance Conference. Titled ‘Raising standards in transition finance: clarity, coherence, collaboration’, it emphasises the loan market’s pivotal role in funding the UK’s move to a low‑carbon economy. Kedzierski calls for clear, consistent definitions of ‘transition finance’ and for designing transition instruments so they neither overlap with nor compete against other product categories. See: LNB News 12/11/2025 14. Sources: Raising standards in transition finance: clarity, coherence, collaboration; and The sustainability‑linked loans market – two years on. UKEF announces reinsurance agreement with Brazil and clean growth initiatives ahead of COP30 UK Export Finance has entered a reinsurance agreement with Brazil’s export credit agency, ABGF—the first agreement ABGF has made with another export credit agency. The arrangement will allow UKEF‑backed guarantees to support Brazilian exports that include British content, prioritising...

In this issue: New technologies Information technology Internet Data protection Advertising, marketing and sponsorship Reputation management Telecommunications LexTalk®TMT: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information New technologies The European Parliament has set out its stance on the Digital Omnibus proposal amending the EU AI Act, endorsing postponement of certain obligations for high‑risk AI and backing a prohibition on AI ‘nudifier’ tools. To improve certainty and predictability, MEPs fix application dates: high‑risk AI listed in the regulation to apply from 2 December 2027; AI falling under EU sectoral safety and market surveillance regimes from 2 August 2028; and providers to meet watermarking duties for AI‑generated content by 2 November 2026. See: LNB News 26/03/2026 37. BEUC warns that Parliament’s EU AI Act Omnibus would narrow consumer protections. After the 26 March 2026 vote, the European Consumer Organisation cautions that...

STOP PRESS: This Practice Note reflects the current legislative position. However, the Commission published a proposal on 21 January 2026 for a Digital Networks Act that may repeal the European Electronic Communications Code. To follow the Digital Networks Act’s progress through the EU legislative process, see Practice Note: Media, digital and telecoms tracker—EU. This Practice Note provides guidance on Directive (EU) 2018/1972 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code (Recast), commonly known as the European Electronic Communications Code and, in this note, the EECC. The EECC recasts and brings together the principal directives that originally made up the EU‑wide framework for regulating electronic communications networks (ECNs) and electronic communications services (ECSs). The aim of the European Electronic Communications Code The EECC is a directive with the central objective of creating an updated and harmonised EU‑wide regime for the regulation of ECNs and ECSs. The previous EU telecoms regulatory framework (comprising Directive 2002/21/EC (the EU Framework Directive), Directive 2002/19/EC (the EU Access Directive), Directive 2002/22/EC (the EU Universal...