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Direct Radiation meaning

Published by a LexisNexis Energy expert
What does Direct Radiation mean?
Direct radiation describes external exposure to ionising radiation received straight from a source (for example, plant, equipment, sealed sources, waste stores or reactor buildings on a nuclear or radiological site), rather than exposure arising indirectly from radioactive discharges to air or water that are later inhaled or ingested. It is a descriptive term, commonly used in regulatory guidance, environmental permitting, nuclear site licensing, planning, and radiological impact assessment, rather than a term defined in UK or Irish primary legislation or case law. In practice it covers “shine” from buildings or sources on a site (including scatter/skyshine) affecting workers, neighbours and the public. It is assessed by dose‑rate surveys and modelling and controlled through shielding, distance and time, applying optimisation principles (ALARP in the UK/ALARA in Ireland and the EU). For compliance and litigation risk, direct radiation is evaluated against the legal public dose limit of 1 mSv per year and any tighter site‑specific dose constraints set in permits or licences. Usage and regulatory expectations are broadly consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, with oversight by the relevant health and safety and environmental regulators.
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View the related Practice Notes about Direct Radiation

PRACTICE NOTES
Disease compensation schemes: P(WC)A 1979, 2008 and 2014 mesothelioma schemes, coal workers, radiation, armed forces and infected blood: eligibility, time limits and payments

Alternative routes for occupational disease compensation Understandably, claimant practitioners will first direct their efforts towards a common law action in the civil courts for occupational disease. There are, however, occasions when that conventional route is unavailable to the client. This may stem from how the illness was contracted and, frequently, the absence of an identifiable tortfeasor (or at least one with insurance). In such cases, a range of statutory and administrative compensation schemes may offer an alternative avenue of redress. For civil claims for mesothelioma sufferers, see Practice Note: Mesothelioma claims—procedure. For each scheme identified, this Practice Note sets out the particular circumstances in which turning to the scheme may be appropriate... The Pneumoconiosis etc (Workers’ Compensation) Act 1979 (P(WC)A 1979) Definition Pneumoconiosis describes a group of conditions arising from the inhalation and retention of dust within the lungs. Applying Apply by completing the relevant section of the ‘Mesothelioma and other lung diseases (PWC1)’ form and returning it to: Barnsley Industrial...

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PRACTICE NOTES
EU MVNOs: models, MVNO agreements, regulation and wholesale roaming access under Regulation (EU) 2022/612 and BEREC Guidelines

Spectrum, mobile network operators and mobile virtual network operators Spectrum (ie the range of wavelengths or frequencies across which electromagnetic radiation exists and extends) is the foundation of wireless communications, eg both mobile voice and data services and wi-fi services for users. A mobile network operator (MNO) is ordinarily allocated particular spectrum bands in order to operate within the telecoms industry and thereby provide the network that allows customers to send and receive calls and texts and to access the internet. Yet spectrum is a limited resource, and questions can arise regarding its utilisation. Accordingly, spectrum licensing, assignment and management are regulated nationally and also at an EU level in practice today. A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a mobile communications service provider that contracts with an MNO so that the MNO supplies wholesale mobile electronic communications services to the MVNO, which it then resells on. In industry terms this is often called ‘piggybacking’, because MVNOs are typically smaller operators that are not licensed to use spectrum...

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