Duration meaning

Checklist This Checklist is chiefly intended primarily for customers (licencees). It provides an overview of the key terms commonly and usually found in a supplier agreement to licence ‘on‑premise’ software installed on the customer’s own infrastructure. For issues related to the licensing and deployment of software as a service (SaaS), see Practice Note: Cloud computing—introduction and Precedent: Software as a service (SaaS) agreement—pro-customer, accordingly. For further reading and template documents relating to this Checklist, see the following: Practice Note: Key issues in software licence agreements Practice Note: Warranties and indemnities in software licence agreements Precedent: Software licence—pro-customer Precedent: Software licence—pro-supplier Negotiation guide—IT contracts Further information Notes (if any) Grant and scope of licence Is the software described clearly and adequately? The customer should be clear about what it is contracting for. There may also be warranties from the supplier that the software will perform as described. Who is permitted to use the software?...

This Checklist pinpoints the principal provisions commonly found in a trade mark coexistence agreement. It may serve as a prompt for matters to address when preparing, assessing, or negotiating these arrangements. It can be relied upon as a list of points to review at drafting stage, during review, and throughout negotiations and sign-off process. It may equally be tailored as heads of terms to capture core positions whilst a full trade mark coexistence agreement is finalised. For help on doing so, see Precedent: Heads of terms—commercial contracts. For a model coexistence agreement, see Precedent: Trade mark coexistence agreement. For further detail on factors to weigh when drafting a coexistence agreement, see Practice Notes: Trade mark coexistence agreements and Negotiation guide—trade mark coexistence agreement. Checklist Points to consider Further information Notes (if any) (A) Key commercial considerations ☐ Parties Verify which entities will sign the agreement—specify who owns the trade marks (and related rights) and who is exploiting them. Confirm each party’s legal form and...

The Checklist seeks to outline the principal actions that arbitrators should consider across the entire course of a proceeding, beginning with appointment and the first procedural order and ending with delivery of the award and completion of their obligations. It offers direction on the types of provisions that may feature in procedural orders addressing data security throughout the duration and lifespan of an arbitration. Please be mindful, in light of the evolving cybersecurity ecosystem and applicable laws and regulations, that this is not an exhaustive catalogue. Rather, the checklist functions as guidance on best practice and clarifies the considerations that may arise at each milestone. Arbitration phase: pre-appointment of the Tribunal Legal Steps Safeguard your digital identity so you are seen as independent and impartial, notwithstanding the difficulties posed by an online presence. Refer to: Checklist for Arbitrators on the Use of Social Media and the Duty of Impartiality—the cybersecurity approach to arbitration. Technical Steps Adopt appropriate cybersecurity practices...

Lycamobile UK Ltd v HMRC [2026] UKUT 74 (TCC) The appellant, Lycamobile UK Ltd (LMUK), marketed a range of ‘plan bundles’ to UK consumers. These packages conferred, for a set duration, allowances or entitlements to use particular telecommunications services and, in some instances, access to additional services. LMUK accounted for VAT on the bundles only when, and to the extent that, the services available under a given bundle were actually consumed in practice. HMRC’s position was that VAT became chargeable at the point of sale of the bundles. The timing mattered because real-world take-up of the credit bundles was relatively modest, so calculating VAT by reference to actual consumption would yield a reduced liability. To resolve the dispute, the tribunals focused on identifying the true nature of the supply made to the customer: was LMUK supplying a right to make use of a credit bundle over the period, or was it supplying the credits as such?...

In this issue Equality and human rights Constitutional and administrative law Judicial review Public procurement Subsidy control and State aid Post-Brexit transition guidance Information law Other Public Law news Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information No Weekly Highlights on 24 April 2025 Equality and human rights Supreme Court rules that the EqA 2010 terms ‘man’, ‘woman’ and ‘sex’ denote biological sex (For Women Scotland Ltd v The Scottish Ministers). In For Women Scotland Ltd v Scottish Ministers [2025] UKSC 16, the UK Supreme Court unanimously concluded that these terms identify biological sex rather than ‘certificated sex’. The court determined that those holding a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC) are not included within the EqA 2010 definition of their acquired gender. The ruling confirms that trans people remain safeguarded by the Act’s gender reassignment provisions and may pursue sex discrimination claims where...

Kent County Council v The Mother, The Father, G (by his Children’s Guardian) and A Hospital Trust [2025] EWHC 1974 (Fam) What are the practical implications of this case? The practical implications are: A clear reminder that the child’s age is critical. Here, the child was 17, so the local authority could not seek a care order or interim care order under section 31(3) of the Children Act 1989. Although an emergency protection order was theoretically available, its brief duration and limited relevance to these facts meant it was not the answer; the authority’s sole viable course was to ask the court for permission to invoke the inherent jurisdiction. Affirms that a local authority cannot rely on a deprivation of liberty order to force a looked-after child to accept its preferred accommodation or placement. While the court recognised that section 20(6) of the Children Act 1989 does not entitle a looked-after child to dictate where they are placed, their wishes and feelings about any...

Introduction to Musharaka—a profit and loss sharing instrument of Islamic finance At the heart of Islamic finance lies the maxim ‘no profit without risk’, ie no person should realise a gain unless they bear some degree of risk. This concept is most clearly shown through the application of profit and loss sharing instruments. For further detail on this principle, see Practice Note: Key principles of Islamic finance. This Practice Note examines Musharaka, an Islamic finance technique originally founded on profit and loss sharing and broadly analogous to a conventional partnership arrangement. In straightforward terms, a Musharaka is a partnership customarily entered into by two or more parties, not necessarily for a fixed term, and most commonly for the purpose of undertaking a business venture. In a typical Musharaka, each participant makes a capital contribution to the venture and profits and losses are shared between them. A comparable Islamic finance arrangement premised on the same profit and loss sharing rule is Mudaraba, a special form of partnership in which only...

This Practice Note outlines the options open to landowners faced with unlawful occupation by a trespasser or squatter, the issues that can follow from trespass, and the potential measures the owner may pursue, including physical repossession. It considers the Criminal Law Act 1977 (CLA 1977) and the exception for displaced residential occupiers, the use of police powers to arrest where suitable, the effect of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO 2012) in criminalising residential squatting, injunctions and interim injunctions, and damages, including the negotiating damages approach, mesne profits, exemplary and aggravated damages, anticipated damages, and res judicata defences. The ways a landowner can recover possession from a trespasser include: physical repossession arrest of the trespasser by the police for a criminal offence injunction possession claim (including a claim for an interim possession order) Beyond the remedies available to recover possession, a landowner may also claim damages for the trespass. Such claims may involve negotiating damages,...

The resolution to wind-up A company can move into voluntary liquidation only if one of the following applies: its fixed duration has ended, or an event specified in its articles as triggering liquidation has occurred, and the company has approved an ordinary resolution to wind up; or it passes a special resolution to be wound up voluntarily. See: 97 Notice of meeting to pass ordinary or special resolution to wind up: Encyclopaedia of Forms and Precedents [1441] 103 Special resolution to wind up and appoint liquidator: Encyclopaedia of Forms and Precedents [1452] The former practice of proceeding by extraordinary resolution is no longer available under the Companies Act 2006. Where the directors make a declaration of solvency under section 89 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986), the company may proceed by way of a members’ voluntary liquidation (MVL). For further information, see Practice Note: What is a members’ voluntary liquidation and when is...

This Agreement is executed on [ date ] Parties 1 [ Name of company ] , a company constituted in [ Scotland ] bearing registered number [ number ] with its registered office at [ address ] (the Company ); and 2 [ Name of employee ] , of [ address ] ( you )...

This Agreement is entered into on [ insert date ] (the Commencement Date) by and between: Parties [ insert supplier name ], a company incorporated in England and Wales, whose registered number is [ insert company number ] and whose registered office is at [ insert registered office ] (Supplier); and [ insert customer name ], a company incorporated in England and Wales, whose registered number is [ insert company number ] and whose registered office is at [ insert registered office ] (Customer). Each of the Supplier and the Customer is a party, and together the Supplier and the Customer are the parties. Background The Supplier is [ an experienced software developer and ] [ insert the Supplier’s background details and the background to the relevant transaction ]. The Customer is [ insert the Customer’s background details ]. Subject to this Agreement, the Supplier shall develop software for the Customer and will licence (or arrange...

This Agreement dates from [ insert day ] of [ insert month ] 20[ insert year ] Parties 1 [ Insert full name and address of individual or company name, number and address of registered office ] ( Party A ) 2 [ Insert full name and address of individual or company name, number and address of registered office ] ( Party B ) each a ‘Party’ and jointly the ‘Parties’ The Parties agree: 1 Definitions and interpretation Dispute • denotes any claim stemming from or relating directly to [ Insert description of the dispute/circumstances giving rise to the dispute ]. Proceedings • signifies any court proceedings within England and Wales, plus also any arbitration concerning the Dispute. Period of Extension • denotes the duration that starts on the date of this Agreement and runs until it is ended in accordance with clause 3. Extension Date • signifies the date upon which the Period...

It is not evident from this Q&A whether the initial term of the Assured Shorthold Tenancies (AST) has lapsed, or whether the fresh tenancy agreement amounts to a renewal or an extension. The Q&A indicates that a replacement tenancy has been issued, at an increased rent compared with the original AST, and for another fixed duration period...

Lease variations—surrender and re-grant issues Granting a lease establishes a legal arrangement over a defined parcel of land for a set period. As a rule, you cannot enlarge either the land covered by the lease or the duration of its term without first surrendering the existing lease and granting a replacement. Should the parties try to implement such a change, the law will treat their bargain as a surrender and re-grant, regardless of what they intended. In that event, the extra period becomes a fresh term commencing on the date of the surrender and re-grant. If the effect is not avoided (and there are methods), the fallout from a surrender and re-grant can be substantial for landlord or tenant; see Practice Note: Lease variations—surrender and re-grant issues...

General principles Once a fixed-term assured shorthold tenancy (AST) ends, a periodic tenancy arises by operation of section 5 of the Housing Act 1988 (HA 1988). Under s 5(3)(d) HA 1988, the duration of that periodic tenancy is set by reference to the interval for which rent was last due under the preceding fixed-term tenancy itself as specified by that statute...