EC meaning

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and is no longer maintained. UCITS is the acronym for undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities. The expression derives from Directive (EC) 85/611 concerning the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (the Original UCITS Directive), which was adopted in 1985. The purpose of the Original UCITS Directive was to establish a single market for open-ended retail investment funds that offered enhanced protection for investors. The UCITS framework has been updated on several occasions, with the Management Company Directive 2001/107/EU adopted in 2002 and the Product Directive 2001/108/EU implemented in 2005 (together referred to as UCITS III); followed by implementation in 2011 of Directive 2009/65/EC (the UCITS Directive, also called UCITS IV), which repealed and replaced the Original UCITS Directive; and Directive 2014/91/EU (UCITS V), which was transposed into national law on 18 March 2016...

The early conciliation (EC) requirement Also referred to as mandatory Acas early conciliation, this duty requires a prospective claimant to supply certain information to Acas before submitting a claim in the employment tribunal, as part of the EC requirement procedure...

The early conciliation (EC) requirement The early conciliation (EC) requirement—sometimes referred to as mandatory Acas early conciliation—obliges a would‑be claimant to give Acas specified details, including certain information, before issuing an employment tribunal claim, as provided by section 18A(1) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996 (ETA 1996). For more detail, see Practice Note: The early conciliation requirement. This Checklist explains which claims constitute ‘relevant proceedings’, and identifies those that are caught by the early conciliation requirement either because of: ETA 1996, s 18(1A), or a specific provision in the applicable legislation For guidance on relevant proceedings, see Practice Note: The early conciliation requirement—Relevant proceedings. Where a prospective claimant satisfies the early conciliation requirement, there is, in almost all cases, a statutory extension to the usual deadline within which a claim must be presented to an employment tribunal. This Checklist also indicates where the operative extension provisions on time limits are located, and highlights categories of proceedings to which those extension provisions...

In Scotland, the gravest criminal offences are prosecuted there under the solemn procedure...

Under Regulation (EC) 1049/2001, commonly known as the Access to EU Documents Regulation, individuals may formally request access to documents held by the EU institutions concerning human and veterinary medicines (and those unrelated to medicines)...

On 19 November 2025, the Commission unveiled its Digital Omnibus proposal. It comprises two principal strands: one delivering ‘quick fixes’ to pain points in Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, the EU AI Act, and another, more intricate, amending the data acquis, most notably Regulation (EU) 2016/679, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR), Directive 2022/58/EC, the ePrivacy Directive, and Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, the EU Data Act. The headline items are delays to the high-risk AI rules under the EU AI Act, and a fresh EU GDPR lawful basis of legitimate interest for processing personal data when developing or operating AI systems (with safeguards). There is much to absorb—just as we get to grips with the new regime, changes are proposed, some bound to be disputed while others will be seen as eminently sensible. Here we outline the key points. EU GDPR The EU’s flagship legislation, the EU GDPR, is poised for its first substantial overhaul, with several significant amendments on the table...

Laudamotion GmbH v flightright GmbH, Case C-474/22, ECLI-EU-C-2024-73 What are the practical implications of this case? In Laudamotion GmbH v flightright GmbH (Case C-474/22; ECLI-EU-C-2024-73), the consequences for air passengers covered by Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, the Air Passenger Rights Regulation (the ‘Regulation’), are far-reaching. Air passengers often find themselves already informed that a flight will run three hours late. Such delays are routine within aviation and may stem from technical problems with the aeroplane, strikes, or any other cause. When, because of that known delay, an air passenger no longer wishes to travel—whether because they know they will miss their meeting, as occurred in the dispute, or for any other reason—it is perfectly ordinary for them not to go to the gate to check in; and, where the delay is flagged much sooner, not even to set off for the airport for a flight they do not plan to take. The practical stakes for those within the scope of the Regulation are therefore considerable. Such disruption may...

In this issue: E-commerce Public procurement Sale and supply of goods Supply chain Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q&A E-commerce EU GDPR obligations and platform liability (X v Russmedia) The operator of an online marketplace where a listing appeared was held to have breached its duties under the EU General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR), even though it removed the advert swiftly, in under an hour after receiving a takedown request. The court concluded it acted as a joint controller of the sensitive personal data within the advert and should, before publication, have put in place measures to: (i) detect adverts containing sensitive personal data; (ii) confirm that the advertiser is the individual whose sensitive personal data features in the advert and, if not, ensure the data subject’s explicit consent has been obtained; and (iii) implement safeguards to stop any further...

Practice Note Use this Practice Note to identify the governing law before the courts of England and Wales for harmful events that took place between 11 January 2009 and 31 December 2020. Where incidents happened outside those dates, the UK courts will apply an alternative choice-of-law regime, and the regime engaged turns solely on the date of the occurrence. If the date falls outside that span, a different regime applies, selected by reference to timing of the event. For direction on those regimes and how they interrelate, see Practice Note: Applicable law regimes. It summarises the special rules governing particular heads of claim under Regulation (EC) 864/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II). The topics include product liability, unfair competition and restraints on free competition, environmental harm, intellectual property (IP) rights, industrial action, unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestio—i.e. agency without authority, and culpa in contrahendo—fault in forming a contract, as well as insurance...

This Practice Note presents a concise overview of the principal areas where UK and EU product regulation have diverged since the UK’s departure from the EU on 31 December 2020 (IP Completion Day). It examines differences relating to product liability, product safety, remedial measures (including product recalls), and standards and conformity marking for general consumer products. Background Before the Brexit transition ended, UK product regulation was largely aligned with the EU, as significant domestic rules on product liability and product safety originated from EU law, including: the Consumer Protection Act 1987 (CPA 1987), which implemented Directive 85/374/EEC on liability for defective products (the EU Product Liability Directive or EU PLD) into UK law the General Product Safety Regulations 2005 (GPSR 2005), SI 2005/1803, which implemented Directive 2001/95/EC on general product safety (the EU General Product Safety Directive) into UK law Since IP Completion Day, divergence has increased as the EU has advanced new legislation, while UK law has not progressed in...

Brexit Financial Services Legislation Status Guide This guide outlines high-level information on the status of EU laws regulating the payments sector, namely: the second Electronic Money Directive (Directive 2009/110/EC) (2EMD) the Cross-Border Payments Regulation (Regulation (EC) 924/2009) (CBPR) as amended by Regulation (EU) 2019/518 (CBPR2) the Regulation establishing technical and business requirements for credit transfers and direct debits in euro and amending the CBPR (Regulation (EU) 260/2012) (SEPA Regulation) the Payment Accounts Directive (Directive 2014/92/EU) (PAD) the recast Payment Services Directive (Directive (EU) 2015/2366) (PSD2) the Interchange Fee Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2015/751) (IFR) This Practice Note should be read alongside the following Practice Notes: Impact of Brexit: Payment services and electronic money directives—quick guide [Archived] Impact of Brexit: SEPA Regulation—quick guide [Archived] Impact of Brexit: Payment accounts—quick guide [Archived] Impact of Brexit: Interchange Fee Regulation—quick guide [Archived] During the implementation period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020...

[ Postal address for internet service provider/host online platform ] [ Date ] Sent via registered post and email: [ email address for internet service provider/host online platform ] Dear [ insert organisation name ] Notice and take-down letter—trade mark infringement on [ website URL ] We act for [ name of client ] of [ client’s address ] (our Client) in connection with the enforcement of intellectual property rights. [ This correspondence relates to the website accessible at [ website URL ] (the Website). OR This correspondence concerns content available on your platform at [ website URL ] (the Website). ] The Website is directed at consumers in the UK...

1 Definitions and interpretation 1.1 [ Include the following additional definitions in the definitions clause of the Asset purchase agreement (if required) ] Accounts Date • [ specify day and month ] 20[ specify year ]; Business • the undertaking of [ provide a description of the business being acquired ] carried on by the Seller, together with all other activities, including those ancillary, incidental to, or connected with that undertaking, as conducted by the Seller; Buyer • [ provide details ]; Completion • the finalisation of the sale and purchase of the Business through the Parties performing their respective obligations in accordance with clause [ x ]; Completion Date • [ the day on which Completion occurs OR a date no later than the [ third ] Business Day after the date on which the last of the Conditions is satisfied or waived, or the date to which Completion is deferred ] pursuant to clause [ x ]; Data Protection...

Letter notifying data subject of data breach under the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/2426 [ Data subject’s name and address ] [ Date ] Dear [ insert name ], Notification of data breach On [ insert date ] we identified that [ what has occurred, ie a personal data breach (including whether an unauthorised third party was involved) ]. [ We believe that the OR The ] incident is understood to have taken place on [ insert date ]. Our enquiries [ to date ] indicate that the data [ was accessed by an unauthorised person OR was disclosed without authorisation OR was stolen OR was lost OR was destroyed OR was altered ] [ may have ] comprised personal information, for example [ describe the data and, if possible, confirm whether you consider the recipient’s data to have been affected, eg the names and addresses ]...

Rule 5.1.7 of the Financial Conduct Authority’s (FCA) Client Assets Sourcebook (CASS) (CASS 5.1.7) confirms that the provisions within CASS 5.1 to CASS 5.6 also give effect, as required, to article 4.4 of the (EU) Insurance Mediation Directive (Directive 2002/92/EC), requiring that all necessary measures be taken to protect clients against the inability of an insurance intermediary to transfer premiums to an insurance undertaking, or to transfer the proceeds of a claim or a premium refund to the insured...

In England and Wales, the courts possess jurisdiction over divorce and judicial separation proceedings pursuant to Council Regulation EC 2201/2003 (often referred to as Brussels II bis)...

Statutory holiday entitlement Under the Working Time Regulations 1998 (WTR 1998), SI 1998/1833, workers have a right to 5.6 weeks’ paid annual leave, comprising: a core statutory entitlement of four weeks’ annual leave each leave year, giving effect to Directive 2003/88/EC, the Working Time Directive (WTD) an extra entitlement of 1.6 weeks’ statutory annual leave each leave year Under WTR 1998, SI 1998/1833, reg 16, a week’s pay must be determined in line with sections 221, 222, 223 and 224 of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA 1996), subject to the modifications set out in WTR 1998, SI 1998/1833, reg 16(3). For further information, see Practice Notes: Holiday and Holiday pay...