Ejusdem generis meaning

Ejusdem generis describes the approach that when a list of specific items is followed by broader, catch‑all words, those general words are read as confined to things of the same kind as the specifics. For example, “cars, vans and other vehicles” would not usually extend to aircraft or ships. The rule is a common‑law principle developed in case law (not defined by statute) and is applied across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland to statutory interpretation and to the construction of contracts, wills and other instruments. Key features: - Preconditions: two or more specific items; a recognisable class; general words that follow; and no contrary intention. If no clear genus can be identified, the rule does not operate. - It yields to context: words such as “of any description whatsoever”, “without limitation” or a clear legislative purpose can displace it. - Akin to, but distinct from, noscitur a sociis and expressio unius. Practical use: aids courts and advisers in limiting overly broad readings of general words; informs drafting (for example, choosing whether to use inclusive wording to avoid the restriction); and supports advocacy on the scope of catch‑all phrases (e.g., “other”, “any others”). Usage is broadly consistent across the UK and Ireland.