Electronic review meaning

Businesses make broad use of social media as a marketing instrument. This Checklist is intended to assist law firms in deciding whether you have suitable systems in place to comply with relevant legislation and regulation concerning social media. For more detailed guidance and additional resources, see subtopic: Electronic workplace. Required document or action Do you have a written policy that sets out both permitted and prohibited social media use (eg see Precedent: Policy—social media (short form))? Does your social media policy also cover the use of the internet and electronic communications? ...

Stage 1—preparing to bring a claim and pre-action matters Guidance on UK trade mark infringement, offences, passing off, interim injunctions, running IP disputes, privilege, dispute resolution (mediation and arbitration), and the Disclosure Scheme; plus checklists and forms (injunction, application, hearing) Stage 2—Letter before action alleging infringement Notes on infringement, passing off, unjustified threats and drafting; includes a trade mark letter of claim precedent Stage 3—commencing proceedings Procedure, defences and exceptions, IPEC flowchart, pleadings and initial disclosure precedents, and CPR/Part 36 forms Stage 4—case management Procedure and Disclosure Scheme notes, court guides (Chancery, Patents Court, IPEC and Small Claims), and case management questionnaires, Disclosure Review Document, Certificate of Compliance, budgets and directions Stage 5—disclosure and evidence Surveys and witness evidence (PD 57AC), privilege, disclosure (including electronic) and flexible trials; witness statement and Extended Disclosure precedents; affidavits, applications and certificates Stage 6—trial...

In this issue Key DR developments Claims and remedies Costs and funding Litigation Applications—general Evidence and disclosure Appeals New content Dates for your diary Useful information Daily and weekly news alerts Key DR developments CPR Committee minutes Minutes of the CPR Committee meeting—6 June 2025: The Civil Procedure Rule Committee met on 6 June 2025 in a hybrid session at The Rolls Building (Royal Courts of Justice) and via video conference. The minutes confirm a forthcoming CPR 51 pilot enabling non-parties to obtain court documents, arising from the Supreme Court ruling in Cape Intermediate Holdings Ltd v Dring [2019] UKSC 38. They also record approved amendments to the e‑working pilot, progressing towards a permanent electronic filing system as part of ongoing court modernisation. Further topics included summary assessment of costs, arbitration updates, disclosure, civil restraint orders, closed material procedures, judicial review reforms for infrastructure projects, whiplash reforms, digital services and other procedural...

Ruling 5-2 By a 5–2 vote, the Court of Appeals determined that claimant Emily Wu is subject to Uber’s arbitration provision because she assented to the company’s revised terms of use on her mobile in January 2021. The panel said it was immaterial that, by then, she had already commenced proceedings against the company. Consequently, an arbitrator must consider Wu’s contention that the January 2021 terms were ‘actively misleading’, as they suggested the arbitration pact would apply solely to prospective claims against the company, according to the opinion. ‘For as long as written contracts have existed, parties have agreed to them without first scrutinising their terms,’ the panel observed. ‘Such omission can carry legal ramifications, whether the party is a sophisticated business or an everyday customer, and whether the contract is set out on paper or via an electronic pop-up.’ ‘Here, the upshot of the claimant’s purported failure to closely review Uber’s updated terms of use is that she must present her arguments about Uber’s allegedly deceptive and unconscionable...

In this issue: Key developments and horizon scanning Leasing property Environment, energy and buildings Statutory compliance Property development Transferring property Property taxes Property in Scotland Additional property updates this week Daily and weekly news alerts Trackers New Q&As Key developments and horizon scanning Snapshot of key property developments to look out for in 2025 We deliver a concise overview of several significant property developments to watch for in 2025. See News Analysis: Snapshot of key property developments to look out for in 2025. Leasing property Electronic Communications Code and assignment of pre-28 December 2017 licence agreement AP Wireless II (UK) Ltd v ON Tower UK Ltd [2024] UKUT 429 (LC) was an appeal to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) (the UT) from a First-tier Tribunal (FTT) decision concerning how the Electronic Communications Code (Code) should be interpreted. The central question was whether an assignee of a Code licence...

Telecommunications in the UK is governed by both sector‑specific regulation and the general framework of competition law. This Practice Note explains how Ofcom, the UK’s national regulator, undertakes market reviews of the telecoms sector, with a particular emphasis on the Physical Infrastructure and Business Connectivity Markets, and the Wholesale Fixed Telecoms Market Review. Ofcom’s powers Ofcom has powers under the Communications Act 2003 (CA 2003) to assess defined markets, judge whether competition is effective, and impose suitable remedies where competition issues are found. Several of these powers originated in European directives transposed into UK law. The most recent is Directive (EU) 2018/1972, which establishes the European Electronic Communications Code (Recast), implemented in December 2020. Those powers continue to apply because the implementing measures are EU‑derived domestic legislation and now sit within assimilated law. For further detail on the European Electronic Communications Code, see the Practice Note on the European Electronic Communications Code. ‘Assimilated law’ is the term for retained EU law (REUL) that remains in effect after the...

Practice Note This Practice Note consists of two strands created to help dispute resolution practitioners remain up to date with developments in case law that affect their field, or which influence civil litigation procedure more generally: selected forthcoming appeals to the Supreme Court are highlighted below; see Key forthcoming appeals to the Supreme Court—2022 summaries of significant appeal decisions in England and Wales (ie rulings of the Court of Appeal and Supreme Court and, where appropriate, certain judgments of the Competition Appeal Tribunal, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Court of Justice of the European Union), and ECtHR, which we have covered; see: Key forthcoming appeal cases—2022 You can navigate this content using the table of contents in the left-hand margin. Alternatively, search this tracker using [CTRL]+[F]. This material is not intended to be a comprehensive register of every appeal or major decision relevant to dispute resolution practitioners. Key forthcoming appeals to the Supreme Court—2022 Tort and negligence ...

This Practice Note explores the following data protection, privacy and security matters arising in connection with the use of autonomous and connected vehicle technology: The technology Declaration of Amsterdam Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 Cybersecurity The Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act 2022 Connected and autonomous vehicles in the EU International Practical issues For further detail and context on additional UK legal considerations linked to this technology, see the Practice Notes: Autonomous vehicles—key legal issues and Autonomous vehicles and insurance, and for a concise overview of dates and key points, see: UK automated vehicles—tracker. To monitor developments within the EU, also consult the Practice Notes: Automated vehicles—key legal issues in the EU and EU automated vehicles—tracker. The technology Contemporary vehicles already incorporate a suite of external communications, such as satellite navigation, in-car entertainment and emergency assistance, capable of automatically transmitting precise...

LR1. Date of the lease [ enter the date in full format DD-Month-Year ] LR2. Title Number[s] LR2.1 Landlord's title number [ s ] [ the title numbers from which this lease is granted. Leave blank if unregistered ] LR2.2 Other title numbers [ existing title number [ s ] against which entries relating to LR9, LR10, LR11 and LR13 are to be made ] LR3. Parties to this lease Landlord [ enter landlord's name and address ] Tenant [ enter tenant's name and address ] Other parties LR4. Property Where this clause conflicts with any other part of the lease, then, for registration purposes, this clause shall take precedence. [ enter details of the Property ] LR5. Prescribed statements etc LR5.1 Statements prescribed under rules 179 (dispositions in favour of a charity), 180 (dispositions by a charity) or 196 (leases under the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban...

For an overview of Irish data protection law and its principal concepts and rules, refer to Practice Note: Ireland—Data protection basics. Data Subject Access Request (Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018) I am lodging a data subject access request via a third party—my solicitor (details set out below). Kindly provide my solicitor with copies of my complete medical records, in both hard copy and electronic form, inclusive of all radiology. Given these files ought to be easily located by reference to my personal data outlined below, this request is reasonable and the materials should be supplied free of charge within one month. This request is made to advance a [ civil personal injury claim ] against a third party. Appointed medical experts may rely on the records to assess my injuries and symptoms and to review any pertinent prior medical history. For the avoidance of doubt, this is a data subject access request made on my own behalf...

1 Introduction Our website is a key channel for engaging with existing and prospective clients and is a significant expression of our brand. Accordingly, it is essential that our website activities are managed appropriately. This policy explains our procedures for running the website, including: who holds responsibility for website management; content governance; website security and data protection; permitted and prohibited use; linking; accessibility; client confidentiality. 2 Responsibility The [ state who ] holds overall responsibility for managing our website. Their responsibilities include: authorising and supervising content; ensuring the website meets legal and regulatory requirements; overseeing linking arrangements; maintaining the website terms and conditions and the privacy policy; and carrying out an annual review of this policy to confirm it operates effectively. 3 Cookies and other...

It can be useful to review, in sequence, the following key points: the obligation in section 1 of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA 1996) to issue a written statement of employment particulars the terms of the contract of employment an employer’s Human Resource (HR)-related policies the use of electronic signatures Written statement of employment particulars Under ERA 1996, s 1(1), an employer must also provide a worker with a written statement setting out the specified particulars of employment identified in ERA 1996, s 1(3) and (4). For more detailed guidance on this duty, see Practice Note: Written statements of employment particulars. Where the particulars concern sick leave and pay, other paid leave, pension rights and training, the statement may instead direct the worker to another document that is reasonably accessible (ERA 1996, ss 1(4)(d)(ii)–(iii), 1(4)(l) and 2(2))...