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File transfer protocol meaning

What does File transfer protocol mean?
In legal practice, file transfer protocol (FTP) describes the internet protocol used to move electronic files between computers, for example when sending large document bundles, disclosure/eDiscovery data or due‑diligence materials to clients, counsel or service providers. It is not defined in UK or Irish legislation or case law; rather, it is a technical term commonly referenced in IT and outsourcing contracts, eDisclosure arrangements and information‑security policies. Plain FTP sends data unencrypted and is generally unsuitable for personal data or confidential information. Legal teams typically require secure alternatives such as SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) or FTPS (FTP over TLS), or managed file transfer solutions, with encryption in transit, strong authentication, granular access controls and audit logging to support confidentiality, integrity and chain‑of‑custody. Use of FTP/SFTP engages data protection obligations under the UK GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018, and in Ireland the GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018, including appropriate technical and organisational measures, processor due diligence, contractual safeguards and (where relevant) international transfer mechanisms. Across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, usage and risk considerations are broadly consistent. Procurement, engagement letters and data processing agreements commonly specify secure file transfer standards, service levels, retention periods, incident response and audit requirements.
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