Fuel Route meaning

This Checklist examines the pros and cons of adopting a franchising model from the franchisor’s viewpoint. Franchising attracts steady attention as a route to market, but would-be franchisors should assess carefully whether it suits their particular operation. Below is a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of franchising from the franchisor’s standpoint. Advantages Franchising is a well-established route for scaling a business, with numerous high-profile success stories, including pizza brands, hotel groups and mobile phone shops. Many high street banks may extend favourable lending to franchise businesses, as they can be perceived as presenting lower risk than alternative models. The franchise approach can demand far fewer staff than a centrally owned network, as the owner does not need to open and run multiple outlets. The franchisor can apply franchisees’ fees to fuel growth and lessen debt. These fees provide a key, predictable annual income stream and, in some cases, their total can meet operating expenses. ...

Overview Hydrogen is the universe’s most plentiful chemical element and, in some uses and certain applications, yields only water at the point of use. Although the fuel itself is colourless, it is often labelled by ‘colours’ according to the production route, depending on how it is produced. Black, brown and grey hydrogen arise from coal or natural gas, with grey presently the most widespread form produced and currently the most commonly produced type. Blue hydrogen likewise originates from natural gas, but its manufacture is paired with carbon capture and storage to deliver a more carbon neutral variant. Green hydrogen, by contrast, relies on renewable electricity (for example, from solar or wind) to split water through electrolysis. Because electricity is the key input, green hydrogen sits within the so‑called ‘power‑to‑x’ world of technologies and applications which are attracting significant investment. Together, green and blue hydrogen are generally referred to as ‘low carbon hydrogen’. A closely related field showing promise is also green (and blue) ammonia as well...

In this issue: Fiscal events including Budget Brexit and tax VAT Taxes management and litigation Employment taxes Devolution International Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Fiscal events including Budget Finance (No 2) Act 2024 receives Royal Assent As noted in last week’s Tax weekly highlights, following the Prime Minister’s general election announcement on 22 May 2024, the outstanding stages of the Finance (No 2) Bill in both Houses of Parliament were expedited and finalised ahead of Parliament’s prorogation on 24 May 2024. Royal Assent was given the same day, so the Bill entered the statute book without alteration. For details on the legislation and its route through Parliament, see Tax—Finance Act 2024 and Finance (No 2) Act 2024 tracker—progress through Parliament [Archived]. See: Finance (No 2) Act 2024...

1 March 2024 Commission proposal to the Council of the EU A Commission proposal dated 1 March 2024 sets out a Council of the EU decision on the optimal route for member states to leave the Energy Charter Treaty while delivering their climate aims. It advises that, at an upcoming conference, parties endorse the treaty’s modernisation, and thereafter permit the EU and the aligned nuclear power market, Euratom, to withdraw. Endorsing this year the modernisation effort launched in November 2018 would, the decision states, align the Energy Charter Treaty with contemporary investment protection standards and with EU positions expressed in other fora. According to the text, the revised ECT includes fresh investment protection rules consistent with modern benchmarks and EU stances, and it reaffirms contracting parties’ right to adopt measures pursuing legitimate policy objectives, including in relation to the dispute against climate change...

What are biogas and biomethane and how are they produced? Biogas is a blend of methane and carbon dioxide formed when organic material breaks down through anaerobic digestion. It is chemically the same as fossil gas as both originate from the same matter, though it is produced differently—and the process can be more renewable and sustainable than fossil fuel gases. Biomethane is created by upgrading and purifying biogas, allowing it to be used as a fuel that can be transported and used in homes. It can be moved using the existing infrastructure for fossil gas, i.e. the gas grid. Uses of biomethane Although this note mainly focuses on gas to grid projects (i.e. transporting biomethane on the natural gas grid), there are other applications for biogas and/or biomethane. Heat Biogas can be burnt to produce heat. The energy generated can maintain the digester’s temperature and warm nearby buildings, with surplus heat supplied to remote users via a district heating system. Electricity Historically, generating...

Environmental insurance provides a practical route to managing environmental risks that stem from work undertaken by contractors and consultants. For general guidance on environmental insurance, refer to the following Practice Notes: Environmental insurance—when is it needed? Environmental insurance—extent of coverage Environmental insurance—types Environmental insurance—advantages and disadvantages Scope of activity For the purposes of this note, contractors and consultants are parties engaged to deliver work on a client’s behalf. Contractors typically carry out the works, while consultants may undertake design or investigative tasks. Although these activities are relevant to contaminated land consultants and contractors, the potential scope is much wider, including: architects who may produce a design for fuel storage a foundation and earthworks contractor who may disturb soils, and internal fix contractors who may handle chemicals (even glue) in confined spaces Potential environmental liabilities associated with contracted and consulting works Potential environmental liabilities that may be associated with contractors or consultants...

What is Energy from Waste (EfW)? Energy from waste (EfW) turns waste materials into a usable form of energy from a sustainable energy source. Outputs can include electricity, heat, gas and transport fuels (e.g. diesel). A variety of approaches are used, with incineration being the most familiar. Using waste as a fuel can deliver notable environmental gains: it offers a safe, cost‑effective route for disposing of waste and can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. For further details on EfW, see Practice Notes: Biomass and waste to energy projects—overview, Waste to energy—technologies, Regulation of energy from waste and Energy from waste—consents. What is environmental permitting? The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016, SI 2016/1154, as amended, (EPR Regs 2016) require operators to obtain permits for certain facilities and to register others as exempt. They consolidated and replaced the Environmental Protection (England and Wales) Regulations 2010, SI 2010/675. The aims of the regime are to: protect the environment so statutory and government policy targets and...