Generic meaning

This Checklist sets out the points to address when preparing a mobile app end-user licence agreement (EULA) for distribution via an app store. For template EULAs, see Precedents: Mobile app end-user licence agreement (EULA)—generic; Mobile app end-user licence agreement (EULA)—for Apple App Store; Mobile app end-user licence agreement (EULA)—for Google Play. The third column can be used to capture observations or comments as you work through the Checklist... Checklist ☐ Take instructions Further information: Take instructions to understand the app’s features and functionality that may influence the EULA. See below for specific requirements for features such as augmented reality. ☐ Identify the relevant app store’s requirements ☐ Apple App Store: ensure the EULA includes Apple’s minimum terms Further information: Apple offers a default EULA, but allows app providers to upload their own, provided Apple’s minimum terms are incorporated. See Precedent: Mobile app end-user licence agreement (EULA)—for Apple App Store. ☐ Google...

Introduction This checklist sits alongside the more detailed Practice Note: Negotiation guide—services agreements. It serves as a quick-look aide and concentrates on the principal, generic points that commonly surface across most forms of services agreement. It leaves out certain specialist matters addressed in Practice Note: Negotiation guide—services agreements that tend to arise only in particular categories of services arrangements or those of greater complexity (eg acceptance testing, audit rights, TUPE, step-in rights, benchmarking and exit assistance). It sets out the customer’s and the supplier’s optimal stances for each topic, then offers a proposed middle-ground position (which is not intended to be comprehensive). For deeper analysis and explanation of each point, refer to Practice Note: Negotiation guide—services agreements. For balanced precedent contracts, which implement much of what is explored here and in the negotiation guide, see Precedents: Services agreement—one-off supply—balanced, Services agreement (ongoing supply)—balanced and Framework services agreement—single contract with call-off orders—balanced. This checklist is relevant only to business-to-business dealings in commercial practice...

For the approach applying from 1 October 2020, refer to: Issues to consider when completing costs budget—checklist. This Checklist addresses the position up to and including 30 September 2020. It explores the range of points that can surface when preparing a costs budget, otherwise referred to as Precedent H. It is presented as a series of questions and answers. Bear in mind that case costs differ according to each matter’s particular facts; accordingly, the topics outlined below are generic in nature. A link is also included to a fully interactive version of Precedent H. General comments Question Response Question: Must I complete a costs budget?Response: A costs budget must be prepared, filed with the court and served on the other parties to the proceedings unless the proceedings are excluded from the costs budgeting rules. Where excluded, no budget is required unless the court orders otherwise, eg the claim value is equal to or greater than £10m. For information, see Practice Note: Costs management and costs...

This diagram depicts a standard, payer-driven payment procedure within a building contract between an employer and contractor...

The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) stated on 8 March 2024 that it strongly disputes a judgment delivered the same day by the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT), which concluded that enforcement officials had not put crucial questions to a witness during the drugmakers’ appeal hearings. In July 2021, the CMA levied fines over alleged deals involving two companies now part of Accord Healthcare, together with their former parent Allergan plc, said to have postponed the launch of generic versions of the medicine produced by Waymade and AMCo, now Advanz Pharma. On 8 March 2024, Sarah Cardell, the CMA’s chief executive, said the authority had imposed substantial penalties after determining the firms took part in a market‑sharing arrangement that deprived the NHS of possible “savings from competition for this essential medicine”. Cardell added that the CAT’s decision to allow the appeals is “fundamentally misconceived”, describing the ruling’s consequences as “highly concerning”, and confirming the CMA will appeal and is resolute in pursuing the case. The tribunal had earlier reached a decision...

In this issue: Post-market Intellectual property Pharmaceuticals—regulatory framework Research and development Medical devices Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trackers Useful information Post-market What’s next for UK product liability? Andrew Austin, partner; Harriet Hanks, counsel; and Rachel Duffy, senior associate at Freshfields LLP, examine the UK Law Commission’s review of the domestic product liability framework for defective goods, with a particular lens on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, and set against notable recent developments in the EU. See News Analysis: What’s next for UK product liability? EMA updates pharmacovigilance requirements and ends EudraVigilance pilot phase The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has released guidance following adoption of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1466, which amends Regulation (EU) No 520/2012. This change formally concludes the EudraVigilance signal detection pilot for Marketing Authorisation Holders (MAHs), and requires all MAHs with authorised medicinal products in the EEA, including Northern Ireland, to monitor EudraVigilance...

In this issue: Competition and state aid Data protection and cybersecurity Free movement, immigration and employment Financial services Environment Insurance and reinsurance IP Life sciences TMT Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trackers Competition and state aid Antitrust—Court of Justice dismisses Teva and Cephalon’s appeal against ‘pay-for-delay’ fines The Court of Justice has handed down its judgment in Case C-2/24 P, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries and Cephalon v Commission, challenging the General Court’s judgment in Case T-74/21 that upheld the Commission’s 2020 fines for a pay-for-delay arrangement which postponed the entry of a generic form of modafinil. The Court rejected the appeal in full. See News Analysis: EU Competition law—daily round-up (23/10/2025). Data protection and cybersecurity Commission releases internal Cloud Sovereignty Framework The European Commission has published an internal Cloud Sovereignty Framework laying down baseline requirements to ensure that processing and storage of data within EU...

A UK-based purchaser of an overseas business should evaluate the following tax considerations: the prospective overseas and UK tax outlays linked to the acquisition tax-efficient ways to repatriate profits from the overseas entity to the UK buyer a tax-efficient exit strategy maximising the tax-efficiency of the target business This Practice Note is written from a UK tax perspective and also flags typical overseas tax points to address, including reporting, filing and compliance obligations. Local advice should be obtained in each jurisdiction in which the target operates. Overseas and UK tax costs associated with the acquisition of an overseas business The common UK and overseas tax costs relevant to acquiring an overseas business are summarised below. Transfer taxes Share acquisitions may attract local transfer or registration taxes, usually calculated as a percentage of the consideration for those shares, together with notary fees...

In most bond or note offerings, the issuer will appoint an agent—or more frequently a panel of agents—to perform a range of administrative tasks on its behalf in connection with the issue. One agent will co-ordinate the activities of the others. Where the transaction does not include a trustee, that co-ordinating role falls to the fiscal agent. If a trustee is involved, the principal paying agent performs the co-ordinating function instead. The primary benefit of a fiscal agency structure for a straightforward bond issue is the potential for lower costs overall. By comparison, putting in place the alternative arrangement with a trustee and principal paying agency is typically more expensive to establish in practice. For ease of reference in this Practice Note, the term ‘bonds’ is used in a generic sense to cover all forms of debt securities (including bonds, notes and commercial paper). For guidance on the difference between ‘bonds’ and ‘notes’ and the meaning of ‘commercial paper’, see Practice Note: Types of debt securities. Who is the...

FORTHCOMING CHANGE: This Practice Note addresses the transfer of .com and other generic Top Level Domain (gTLD) registrations and accompanies Precedent: gTLD domain name transfer agreement (.com). It mirrors the Transfer Policy presently in effect, which had to be introduced by August 2025. Yet, in April 2025, after a review of the Transfer Policy, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) opened consultation on a number of proposed amendments that, among other things and measures, will replace the use of AuthInfo codes and abolish the 60-day transfer lock, both of which are outlined below. This Practice Note will be revised as and when the Transfer Policy is revised. Domain names consist of multiple elements, including the domain ending, also known as the top-level domain (TLD). TLDs occupy the highest tier of the domain name system (DNS). A DNS functions much like a telephone directory for the internet, converting domain names into IP addresses and enabling internet users to reach websites and other online resources. The role of...

Background to this thought leadership Precedent This Precedent originated from a Data Protection Intelligence Group thought leadership project in October 2021, with later updates by Lexis+® UK in February 2022 and again in early 2026. It is designed as a launch point to support organisations and stimulate development of thinking about this privacy expectation across the market. The Precedent will continue to adapt as fresh guidance, market practice and engagement emerge. It supplies a basic text template that can be reshaped for a cartoon, video and/or audio, along with other features (eg a message with emojis) to engage children in a way that suits the app provider’s branding and service. It should be: supported by appropriate just-in-time notifications and warnings (eg if a child changes a setting), and enhanced with suitable functionality enabling users to easily gain an overview and navigate between topics For further guidance on adapting the basic text, see Practice Note: Conveying privacy information to children aged 6...

STOP PRESS: On 19 June 2025, the Data (Use and Access) Bill obtained Royal Assent and became the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025), with parts commencing that day. Measures that started immediately on 19 June 2025 included those on handling data subject access requests and the grant of powers to make further regulations. Other elements, relating to notices issued by the Information Commissioner and particular aspects of law enforcement processing, began on 19 August 2025, two months after Royal Assent. The bulk of DUAA 2025 will only take effect once additional regulations—issued as statutory instruments—are made to commence them. Parts 5 and 6 of DUAA 2025 introduce amendments to the UK’s data protection and ePrivacy regime, including: the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation; the assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR); the Data Protection Act 2018; and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/2426...

[ Enter name of debtor or creditor ][ Enter address of debtor or creditor ][ Enter date ] Dear [ [ enter organisation name ] OR [ enter name of debtor or creditor ] ] The late [ enter name of deceased ] Reference [ enter details of the account e.g. account number or debt or liability ] Address [...