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Income statement meaning

What does Income statement mean?
An income statement is the primary financial statement showing a company’s revenues, expenses, finance costs, tax and resulting profit or loss for a financial period. In legal practice it is reviewed in due diligence, financial covenant testing, valuation and insolvency analysis, and when considering dividends and distributable profits. In UK and Irish company law the statutory term is profit and loss account (Companies Act 2006 (UK); Companies Act 2014 (Ireland)). Income statement is a descriptive accounting term, widely used under IFRS and UK/Irish GAAP (FRS 102), often as part of the statement of comprehensive income. Under IAS 1 and FRS 102, an entity may present either a single statement of comprehensive income or two statements: an income statement (profit or loss) and a separate statement of comprehensive income. For legal tests (for example, the lawfulness of distributions), rely on the relevant statutory accounts and the profit and loss account and reserves shown there, not merely on IFRS or presentation labels. Usage and meaning are broadly consistent across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. Also referred to as a profit and loss account.
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View the related Checklists about Income statement

CHECKLISTS
Bankruptcy Income Payments Orders (s310) and Agreements (s310A): Practitioner Checklist, Procedure and Key Issues (England and Wales)

Income payments order The trustee in bankruptcy (trustee) may seek an income payments order (IPO) pursuant to section 310 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986) where, having assessed matters, they consider the bankrupt enjoys surplus income once the bankrupt’s reasonable domestic needs are allowed for. See Practice Note: Income payments orders (IPOs) under section 310 of the Insolvency Act 1986. The court is responsible for setting the venue for the hearing of the trustee’s application. The trustee must provide the bankrupt with not less than 28 days’ notice of any application, enclosing the application itself and a statement of the grounds on which the order is requested. Up to five business days before the hearing date, the bankrupt may consent to the order by notifying both the court and the trustee. Alternatively, by attending the hearing, the bankrupt may make any representations they wish as to why the order ought not to be made. Any order issued must not leave the bankrupt with less than is necessary to...

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NEWS
UK tax briefing: Finance Bill 2025 to receive Royal Assent; Court of Appeal allows windfarm capital allowances; Russia/Belarus treaty revocations; SDLT higher rates ruling; HMRC updates and key dates

In this issue: Budgets and Finance Bills Companies and corporation tax International Funds Real estate tax Employment Taxes Individuals and income tax Energy and environment Anti-avoidance Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Budgets and Finance Bills Spring Statement 2025 The Chancellor of the Exchequer is set to deliver her Spring Statement to Parliament on Wednesday 26 March 2025. Finance Bill 2025 to receive Royal Assent Royal Assent for the Finance Bill 2025 is expected on 20 March 2025, at which point it will be enacted as the Finance Act 2025. This comes after the Bill’s second and third readings in the House of Lords on 19 March 2025 and the usual bypassing of the committee stage. The House of Lords made no amendments to the Bill as received from the House of Commons. See: Finance Bill 2025...

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NEWS
UK DB schemes: TPR consults on trustee 'statement of strategy' requiring employer agreement, to accompany valuations from 22 September 2024, strengthening sponsor influence over investment and endgame decisions

Aon plc, the British‑American management consultancy, said it would ‘naturally’ give company directors more sway over a scheme if trustees of defined benefit plans were obliged to obtain the sponsor’s agreement to a new ‘statement of strategy’, as outlined by TPR earlier in March 2024. TPR also stated that managers of defined benefit retirement schemes must lodge the strategy alongside their routine valuation documents from 22 September 2024. A defined benefit pension delivers a guaranteed income each year for life, determined by a worker’s final or average salary...

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NEWS
UK Private Client weekly briefing: Court of Protection, tax and HMRC updates, digital assets and insolvency, contentious trusts, and Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland developments—2 May 2024

In this issue: Court of Protection UK taxes for Private Client HMRC Manuals updates Family businesses and ownership structures Insolvency—Private Client Digital assets and cryptoassets Contentious trusts and estates Pensions, insurance and tax-efficient investments Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Question of the week Additional Private Client updates Daily and weekly news alerts LexTalk®Private Client: a Lexis®PSL community New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Latest Q&As Useful information Court of Protection Court of Protection proposes travel guidance for cases with a risk of future forced marriage (Luton Borough Council v G) The Court of Protection sanctioned a six-month interim forced marriage protection order (FMPO) concerning AG and exercised the inherent jurisdiction to govern AG’s contact with her parents. This followed material showing parental control and coercion, the prospect of AG travelling abroad for ‘a wedding’, and indications that, if parental contact matched her...

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View the related Practice Notes about Income statement

PRACTICE NOTES
UK worldwide debt cap (repealed 2017): corporation tax disallowance of financing expenses and exemption of finance income, gateway test and allocation/compliance statements—archived

ARCHIVED : This Practice Note is archived and is no longer maintained. From 1 April 2017, the worldwide debt cap rules were repealed and superseded by the corporate interest restriction (CIR) rules. Accordingly, the worldwide debt cap described here should be treated as relevant only for periods before 1 April 2017, being the date the CIR took effect. For any period straddling that date, the debt cap should be applied to a notional period ending on 31 March 2017. For more on the CIR, which replaces and repeals the debt cap, see Practice Note: Corporate interest restriction. Relief for finance costs of UK-resident companies that are members of large groups may be restricted (ie disallowed) where, broadly, the group’s UK-based net debt exceeds 75% of the group’s gross debt (the gateway test). The debt cap applies to periods of account beginning on or after 1 January 2010. The provisions that bring about the restriction are often termed the worldwide debt cap regime (although it is possible that the regime...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK Budget and Finance Bills and Acts: timetable, parliamentary stages, Provisional Collection of Taxes, OBR role, numbering/dating, and election-driven chronology 2016-2026

The Budget The Budget is a Parliamentary occasion where the Chancellor of the Exchequer delivers key statements on the national economy. It sets out the government’s tax intentions for the next year, and at times for later periods. Most measures due in the following tax year will already have been announced and consulted on in advance. Fresh announcements may arrive on Budget day—some, mainly anti-avoidance steps, take effect immediately. Others are scheduled to commence from a future date. The Budget also precedes the presentation of the Finance Bill to Parliament. In most years there is a single Finance Bill, though in some—such as those featuring a general election—there have been two or even three, as outlined below. Income tax and corporation tax are annual charges, so they can only be levied for a year (a tax year for income tax, or a financial year for corporation tax) where an Act of Parliament provides for them. Consequently, the government’s power to charge...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK Coronavirus Job Retention Bonus (JRB) — eligibility, TUPE transfers, minimum income, RTI compliance and claims (Archived; not payable February 2021)

ARCHIVED: This archived Practice Note is not maintained and is for background information only. UPDATE (5/11/20): The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Rishi Sunak, announced in a statement to the House of Commons on Thursday 5 November 2020 that the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) furlough arrangement would be extended. Consequently, the Jobs Retention Bonus (JRB) will not be paid in February 2021 and the government intends to redeploy a retention incentive at an appropriate point. See the HM Treasury press release: Government extends Furlough to March and increases self-employed support and the HMRC policy paper: Extension of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme. For additional details, see Practice Note: Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (extended version 1 November 2020 to 30 April 2021) [Archived]. This Practice Note was revised to capture these changes. This Practice Note considers the Coronavirus Job Retention Bonus Scheme (CJRBS), announced in July 2020, which provides a one-off payment of £1,000 to employers for each employee previously claimed for under the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS)...

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PRECEDENTS
Short-form employment settlement agreement template (English law) with termination payments, waiver of claims, confidentiality, permitted disclosures, and adviser certificate

This Agreement is made on [ insert date ] Parties [ Insert Employer’s name ], whose registered office is at [ insert Employer’s address ], company registration number [ insert Employer’s company number ] (Employer); [ Insert Employee’s name ] of [ insert Employee’s address ] (you). The parties agree: Termination of employment 1.1 Your employment with the Employer [ will terminate OR terminated ] owing to [ insert reason for termination ] on [ insert date ] (Termination Date). 1.2 For the period up to and including the Termination Date, you [ will be OR have been ] paid your accrued basic salary (less deductions for income tax and primary class 1 (employee) National Insurance contributions ( PAYE Deductions )) and [ will have OR have ] received your contractual benefits [ , including a payment of £[ insert amount ] in respect of [ insert number ] days’ accrued but untaken holiday entitlement ] [...

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PRECEDENTS
Employee Shareholder Shares: s 205A ERA 1996 Written Statement Template (Great Britain) – Archived; ESS tax reliefs removed from 1 December 2016

Archived: The ability to offer tax-favoured employee shareholder shares or ESS (commonly used in private equity company arrangements) has now been removed In the Autumn Statement 2016, the government confirmed that certain ESS-related tax reliefs would be withdrawn. The changes remove: The income tax and NICs relief applying to the first £2,000 of employee shareholder shares an individual receives The capital gains tax exemption in respect of all, or a portion, of ESS shares The provision ensuring that, when a company purchases employee shareholder shares from an employee shareholder, the consideration is not treated as a distribution in the shareholder’s hands The withdrawal of these reliefs applies to any employer shareholder agreements entered into on or after 1 December 2016. However, an individual who had obtained independent advice about entering an employer shareholder agreement before 23 November 2016 could still complete the agreement before 1 December 2016 and retain the beneficial income and CGT tax advantages...

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PRECEDENTS
Income Payments Agreement (IPA) precedent under section 310A Insolvency Act 1986 (England and Wales)

Income Payments Agreement This Agreement is entered into by: [ FULL NAME ] of [ ADDRESS ] (the Bankrupt) [ FULL NAME ] of [ FIRM AND FIRM’S ADDRESS ], serving as [ joint ] trustee of the Bankrupt’s estate, together with any successor[ s ] in office, without personal liability (the Trustee) Background On [ DATE ], the [ COURT ] made a bankruptcy order against the Bankrupt under case number [ CASE NO ]; on [ DATE ], the Trustee was appointed to act as trustee of the Bankrupt’s estate. The Bankrupt has supplied the Trustee with a statement of monthly income and expenditure and, having considered the reasonable domestic needs of the Bankrupt and [ his OR her OR family ], the Trustee is of the view that the Bankrupt has surplus monthly income that can be claimed for the benefit of the Bankrupt’s estate...

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View the related Q&As about Income statement

Q&As
Form D81 Business Interest Disclosure for Financial Consent Order

Form D81: Statement of information for a consent order in relation to a financial remedy It asks for up-to-date capital and income to be set out in a table at section 8. Use Part B for capital not classed as real property; list real property under Part A...

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