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Initial margin meaning

What does Initial margin mean?
collateral a derivatives counterparty must provide at the outset of a position to cover potential future exposure and support performance. In exchange‑traded futures and options, a central counterparty (clearing house) requires initial margin from participants (including option writers). It is calculated by risk models (for example, SPAN or VaR), subject to haircuts and margin calls, and is returnable when the position is closed or fully collateralised. It is distinct from variation margin, which covers current mark‑to‑market exposure. In uncleared OTC derivatives, initial margin is required under the EMIR margin rules (UK EMIR in England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; EU EMIR in Ireland). It is exchanged bilaterally to cover potential future exposure, must be segregated with a third‑party/custodian and generally cannot be rehypothecated. Documentation commonly uses an ISDA Credit Support Deed/Annex alongside custody or control agreements. Outside these regulatory regimes, “initial margin” is a market term rather than a single statutory definition. Eligible collateral typically includes cash and high‑quality securities. Requirements vary with portfolio risk and model assumptions. Usage and legal effect are broadly consistent across the UK and Ireland, though applicable regulators (FCA/PRA in the UK; Central Bank of Ireland in Ireland) supervise compliance.
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View the related News about Initial margin

NEWS
EU regulatory and case-law weekly briefing: competition and state aid, AI and data, financial services and insurance, life sciences, TMT, corporate and trade—19 March 2026

In this issue: Competition and state aid Corporate Data protection and cybersecurity Free movement, employment and immigration Financial services Insurance and reinsurance IP Life sciences Regulatory TMT International trade Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Trackers and horizon scanners Competition and state aid State aid—Commission reviews State aid rules for banks in difficulty The European Commission has launched a call for evidence to update the State aid regime for banks in difficulty. The current framework consists of six distinct communications, last revised in 2013. See News Analysis: EU Competition law—daily round-up (17/03/2026). State aid—Commission adopts new State aid rules to boost the use of more sustainable ways of transport The Commission has approved new State aid Land and Multimodal Transport Guidelines (LMT Guidelines) and a Transport Block Exemption Regulation (TBER), refreshing the EU State aid framework to encourage more sustainable passenger and freight transport,...

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NEWS
Banking & finance highlights: 19 March 2026 – Companies House security issue, NSIA changes, TCC negligence ruling, EU sustainability and prospectus reforms, Eurobond dematerialisation, derivatives, prudential and sanctions updates

In this issue: Lending Security Real estate finance Sustainable finance Debt capital markets Derivatives Regulation for derivatives lawyers Regulation for banking lawyers Sanctions Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Useful information Lending Cabinet Office publishes its reply to the consultation on the National Security and Investment Act 2021 (Notifiable Acquisition) (Specification of Qualifying Entities) Regulations 2021, SI 2021/1264. The paper collates stakeholder feedback from the consultation and details the government’s planned amendments to each schedule of the Notifiable Acquisition Regulations. It also focuses on suggested changes to the National Security and Investment Act 2021 (NSIA 2021). See LNB News 12/03/2026 56; source: Consultation on the NSI Act Notifiable Acquisition Regulations... Security Companies House reports resolution of a WebFiling security incident identified on 13 March 2026, which may have enabled signed-in users to view and alter parts of other companies’ information without permission. The service was taken offline...

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NEWS
UK, EU and international financial services regulation—weekly update on supervision, consultations, prudential liquidity, resilience, ESG, payments, consumer finance and enforcement (19 March 2026)

In this issue: UK, EU and international regulators and bodies Authorisation, approval and supervision Prudential requirements Operational resilience Financial crime and sanctions Complaints, compensation and claims management Investigations, enforcement and discipline Regulation of capital markets Regulation of derivatives Sustainable finance and ESG Banks and mutuals Investment funds and asset management Consumer credit, mortgage and home finance Regulation of insurance Payment services and systems Fintech and cryptoassets Dates for your diary New and updated content Financial Services Enforcement Database Daily and weekly news alerts LexTalk®Financial Services: a Lexis®Nexis community UK, EU and international regulators and bodies FCA report examines firms’ methods for promoting consumer understanding. The Financial Conduct Authority has released findings from its review of how firms deliver the consumer understanding outcome under the Consumer Duty. It highlights effective practices and practical actions to enhance communications and align with Duty expectations. To improve...

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View the related Practice Notes about Initial margin

PRACTICE NOTES
Practitioner's guide to repo and the English law GMRA: title transfer, recharacterisation, margining, defaults, close-out netting, clearing, and FCAR/SFTR compliance

What is repo? A repo, the market shorthand for a 'repurchase transaction', is an arrangement whereby one party (the seller) sells an asset to another (the buyer) with a simultaneous contractual undertaking that the seller will repurchase the asset from the buyer on a future date for a specified price agreed between both parties in advance. Any asset capable of being transferred from one person to another may, in principle, be the subject of a repo transaction. The assets most commonly used in repos are debt securities (bonds), equity securities (shares) and other financial assets, including loans and commodities. However, commodity repos can raise distinctive documentary, structural and legal issues, which are not addressed in this Practice Note. For guidance on commodity repos, see Practice Note: Commodity repo transactions and true sale considerations...

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PRACTICE NOTES
UK CFC regime: exempt period exemption—conditions, timing, chargeable company tests, anti-avoidance and administrative deadlines

This Practice Note deals with the exempt period exemption from a charge under the controlled foreign company (CFC) rules. A company may fall within the CFC regime for an accounting period, but a CFC tax charge only arises where: the CFC has chargeable profits that pass the gateways, and none of the exemptions under the CFC rules apply There are two forms of exemption: Entity level exemptions — these remove the CFC from the CFC rules entirely for that accounting period. The relevant exemptions are: the exempt period exemption, which is explained in this Practice Note the excluded territories exemption the low profits exemption the low profit margin exemption the tax exemption Finance profit exemptions — these exclude some or all of the profits from certain financing activities from the CFC rules The exemptions aim to ease compliance for businesses where...

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PRACTICE NOTES
1995 ISDA Credit Support Deed (Security Interest—English law): structure, elections, perfection/registration, enforcement, fixed charge recharacterisation risk, 2002 Master Agreement alignment, and 2016/2018 Initial Margin deeds

What does this Practice note cover? This Practice Note addresses the 1995 ISDA Credit Support Deed (Security Interest—English law), the standard-form credit support document for derivatives issued by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA). Commonly referred to as the English law CSD or simply the English law deed, it is the focus here. This Practice Note outlines the layout and principal characteristics of the English law deed. Documentation structure of the English law Deed The English law Deed: a standalone document The English law Deed operates as an independent instrument. It is not incorporated into the schedule to the master agreement and has to be executed in its own capacity as a deed. It must bear the date on which it is executed, and all formalities relevant to the execution of a deed must be observed (for additional detail, see Practice Note: Executing deeds and simple contracts). It constitutes a credit support document (as that term is used in the ISDA master agreement). The...

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