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Insolvency Practitioner meaning

What does Insolvency Practitioner mean?
An insolvency practitioner (IP) is a licensed professional appointed to administer insolvency procedures for individuals and companies — for example as liquidator, administrator, administrative receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, or nominee/supervisor of a company voluntary arrangement (CVA) or individual voluntary arrangement (IVA). In the UK (England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) the term is defined in statute (Insolvency Act 1986; Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989) and an IP must be authorised by a recognised professional body or the Secretary of State (or, in Northern Ireland, the Department for the Economy). Once appointed, the IP is the office-holder, exercising statutory powers to realise assets, adjudicate claims, distribute to creditors, investigate conduct and report to the court and regulators (including director disqualification reporting). In Scotland, equivalent roles include trustee in sequestration and supervisor of a protected trust deed; Northern Ireland usage is broadly consistent with England & Wales. In Ireland, usage differs: personal insolvency arrangements are handled by a Personal Insolvency Practitioner (PIP) under the Personal Insolvency Acts; bankruptcy is administered by the Official Assignee; and corporate appointments (liquidator, receiver, examiner) are taken by persons qualified under the Companies Act 2014. The expression is largely descriptive in Ireland.
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View the related Checklists about Insolvency Practitioner

CHECKLISTS
Tenant insolvency: practical checklist for commercial landlords—CRAR, forfeiture, rent deposits, guarantors/former tenants (s17), undertenant recovery, disclaimer, administration expenses, and securing/marketing premises (England and Wales)

This Checklist sets out the matters a landlord ought to weigh up where a tenant faces insolvency, highlighting the options open to the landlord, such as Commercial Rent Arrears Recovery (CRAR), forfeiture, drawing on a rent deposit, and pursuing former tenants, guarantors and sub-tenants. It further addresses practical considerations for the landlord, including steps for securing and marketing the property, and contacting the insolvency practitioner. What type of insolvency scenario applies to the tenant? The remedies that can be exercised, and the limits that will bite, differ depending on the particular insolvency arrangement affecting the tenant. Each procedure brings distinct constraints and options. For a table summarising the restrictions, see Practice Note: Quick guide to landlord’s remedies in tenant insolvency. Has contact been made with the insolvency practitioner? It is vital to liaise with the relevant insolvency practitioner to assess the tenant’s position and to evaluate what, if any, prospect exists of outstanding sums being repaid, future rents being protected, or the tenant emerging from the...

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CHECKLISTS
Terminating or exiting joint ventures: practitioner checklist on routes for corporate and unincorporated JVs, including share transfers (tag/drag), expulsion, deadlock, unfair prejudice, winding up and insolvency consequences

This Checklist This Checklist highlights the different avenues for bringing a joint venture (JV) to a close or facilitating an exit, and the factors to weigh depending on the pathway chosen. For guidance on addressing a JV dispute, see Practice Note: Joint venture disputes—how to respond. For further detailed guidance on terminating joint ventures where a specially created or nominated joint venture company (JVC) is involved, see the following Practice Notes: Termination—corporate joint ventures Tax implications of operating and terminating a joint venture company Corporate joint venture dispute—dealing with deadlock: initial considerations Majority-minority joint venture dispute—a practical illustration Entering a JV relationship usually calls for significant planning and effort from the JV parties, who opt to work together for mutual advantage (often by sharing cost, resources and expertise). You will need to assess the full ramifications of ending or exiting the JV, including whether there are sound reasons to be prepared to see that investment lost if the JV is...

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CHECKLISTS
B2B goods delivery terms: practitioner checklist on place, time, passing of risk, quantity, instalments and remedies (England, Wales and Scotland)

Flowchart This Flowchart explains the requirements that must be met for the court to determine that a transaction constitutes an extortionate credit transaction and to provide relief. It should be reviewed alongside Practice Note: Extortionate credit transactions—corporate and personal insolvency...

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FLOWCHARTS
Conditions for misfeasance claims under Insolvency Act 1986 s 212: practitioner flowchart (England and Wales and Scotland)

This flowchart outlines the prerequisites that need to be met to prove a misfeasance claim...

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NEWS
Restructuring & Insolvency: DMCC Act; after-acquired property; funding termination clauses; Re C-Retail plan; paid-up secured creditor consent; Re UKCloud floating charge; insolvency practitioner fee rise; s340 preference guidance

Restructuring & Insolvency weekly highlights—6 June 2024 In this issue: Key R&I law developments Insolvency litigation Restructuring Corporate insolvency processes The office-holder Daily and weekly news alerts New content Key R&I law developments Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 This Act introduces regulation of competition within digital markets, revises the Competition Act 1998 and the Enterprise Act 2002 with additional competition law measures, and enhances consumer protection by providing and extending rights, together with related purposes. Certain provisions took effect on 24 May 2024; the remainder will commence on a day set by Regulations made by the Secretary of State. See: LNB News 04/06/2024 9. Insolvency litigation Monies paid to a bankrupt’s son were after-acquired property (Hyde v Djurberg) It is uncommon for a bankrupt to receive a significant payment that a trustee in bankruptcy may claim as after-acquired property. Rarer still is an instance where such a payment is received...

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NEWS
Insolvency practitioner bonding: practice note with office-holder roles, powers, duties and functions overview

Practice Note: Insolvency practitioner bonding Review...

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NEWS
Bulgaria’s stabilisation procedure under the Commercial Act: 2023 implementation of EU Directive 2019/1023 on preventive restructuring—entry criteria, court control, creditor classes, cramdown, ipso facto, new money, recognition

INSOL Europe/LexisR&I joint project on implementation of EU Directive 2019/1023—Bulgaria Lexis R&I and INSOL Europe are gathering articles from INSOL Europe’s membership and Country Coordinators, explaining how EU Member States have put into practice Directive (EU) 2019/1023 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on preventive restructuring frameworks, on discharge of debt and disqualifications, and on measures designed to enhance the efficiency of procedures relating to restructuring, insolvency and discharge of debt, which also amends Directive (EU) 2017/1132 (the EU Directive). A summary table of the outcomes prepared by INSOL Europe in association with Lexis R&I can be accessed here: INSOL Europe/Lexis+® UK Joint Project on EU Harmonisation Directive 2019/1023: consolidated table. As a general rule, you should seek advice from local lawyers in the relevant jurisdiction to confirm the measures currently in effect and the implications of any particular circumstances or nuances of your case. Question 1: When did/will the new restructuring law come into force? What is/are the name...

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PRACTICE NOTES
CVAs and commercial leases: landlord impacts on rent, moratoria, termination options, forfeiture, surrender, guarantees, rent reviews and LTA 1954 issues (England and Wales)

What is a CVA? A company voluntary arrangement (CVA) is a form of insolvency that permits a company to enter a binding agreement with its creditors to compromise unsecured debts or otherwise agree how its affairs are handled. The directors continue to run the business, under the oversight of an insolvency practitioner. Retailers, particularly those with extensive property portfolios, frequently adopt so‑called ‘landlord CVAs’ to reset rental commitments and shut loss‑making stores. This note outlines how property law and landlord and tenant considerations may emerge under such a CVA. It highlights provisions commonly included in CVAs and explains how they tend to work in practice. Nevertheless, each CVA will vary according to the precise terms proposed. It is therefore vital to examine the CVA proposal carefully to assess its effect on creditors. This note does not provide detailed guidance on the mechanics of approving and implementing a CVA. For Practice Notes addressing the CVA procedure, see: Company voluntary arrangements—an introductory guide The CVA proposal and...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Using the Insolvency Services Account: obligations of official receivers and insolvency practitioners, EAS processes, investments/interest, local account authorisations, unclaimed dividends and fees in bankruptcies and compulsory liquidations

The official receiver (OR) is designated as trustee in bankruptcy (trustee) or as liquidator to manage and investigate every bankruptcy and court-ordered winding up, including those of partnerships. The Secretary of State or the creditors may, in place of the OR, appoint an insolvency practitioner (IP) to act as trustee for personal insolvencies or as liquidator for corporate cases. Under the Insolvency Regulations 1994, SI 1994/2507, as amended (the Regulations), the OR or IP, as appropriate, is obliged to pay into the (ISA) any funds they receive while administering all bankruptcies and compulsory liquidations. Before 1 October 2011, sums from voluntary liquidations could also be lodged in the ISA; now, only unclaimed dividends in a voluntary liquidation may be paid into the ISA. Likewise, unclaimed dividends arising in an administration or an administrative receivership may be paid into the ISA once the company has been dissolved. The Regulations also permit payments out of the ISA for disbursements, expenses and distributions to creditors and, in a liquidation, to contributories, or, in...

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PRACTICE NOTES
Practical guide to intellectual property in insolvency: ownership, licences, data compliance and value maximisation for office-holders and buyers

For many companies, intellectual property rights (IPRs) constitute an increasingly important and significant asset class. Although contemporary technology firms, pharmaceutical businesses and industrial players are most closely and very commonly linked with holding portfolios rich in IPRs, even the least likely organisations may own rights that are fundamental to them and, without which, they simply could not operate (or do so as effectively or profitably) or would suffer significant loss of value. As a broad category, IPRs are wide-ranging and inherently diverse indeed. According to context, there are, in particular, rights beyond the best known (patents, trade marks and copyright) that may—or may not—be generally regarded strictly as IPRs, such as database rights, websites with their associated domain names, goodwill and contractual rights allied to IPRs. For further detail on the principal types of intellectual property rights an insolvency practitioner as office holder may encounter, see Practice Note: IP right comparison table. Patents, design rights and trade marks depend for their existence and protection on registration (at the...

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PRECEDENTS
Administrator’s Witness Statement Template for Court Application to Extend Company Administration under the Insolvency Act 1986 (England and Wales)

Applicant: [ initials and surname ], [ insert number of witness statement eg 1st ] Exhibits: [ 1–4 ] Date: [ insert date of witness statement ] Court Reference No: [ insert case number ] [ IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE BUSINESS AND PROPERTY COURTS [OF ENGLAND AND WALES] [IN [ insert location ]] IN THE COUNTY COURT AT [ insert location ] INSOLVENCY AND COMPANIES LIST (ChD) BUSINESS AND PROPERTY COURTS LIST OR IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE CHANCERY DIVISION [ insert location ] DISTRICT REGISTRY ] IN THE MATTER OF [ insert company name ] IN THE MATTER OF THE INSOLVENCY ACT 1986 [ Insert name of the administrator ], Administrator of [ insert name of company in administration ] — Applicant And [ Insert name(s) of company in administration ] in administration — [ Respondent OR Respondents ] Witness statement of [ INSERT NAME OF THE ADMINISTRATOR ], ADMINISTRATOR OF [ INSERT...

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PRECEDENTS
Conditional Fee Agreement template for insolvency office-holders (post-6 April 2016): solicitor-client terms on success fees, costs recovery, counsel CFA and ATE insurance (England and Wales)

This Agreement is entered into on [ date ] Parties [ Company Name ] [ (in liquidation, etc) ] [ (the ‘ Company ’) acting through ] [ name(s) of insolvency practitioner(s) ] [ (the ‘ Liquidator ’), (the ‘ Administrator ’), etc ] [ (and all successors in title) ] [ acting as agent for the Company, except as provided in this Agreement ] ( [ together ] the ‘ Client ’) [ both ] of [ address ]; [ Firm Name and Address ] (the ‘ Firm ’). It is hereby agreed as follows: 1 Definitions 1.1 In this Agreement: Appeal means any request for permission to appeal and/or an appeal to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court from a lower court’s decision, or to a Judge from a decision of a District Judge, Registrar, Master or Insolvency and Companies Court Judge, in relation to the Claim Basic Costs means the fees...

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PRECEDENTS
Administrative receivership commercial property sale contract (England and Wales): freehold/leasehold; Standard Commercial Property Conditions; occupational leases; no title guarantee; VAT/TOGC; TUPE; environmental liability; overseas entities

date [ date ] Parties [ name of Seller ], in administrative receivership [ and also in liquidation ], incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]), whose registered office is at [ address ] (Seller), acting through [ any one of ] its [ joint ] administrative receiver[s], [ name of (first) receiver ] (Insolvency Practitioner) [ of [ address ] OR [ and [ name of joint administrator ] (Insolvency Practitioner) [ both ] of [ address ] ] ] (Receiver[s]) [ name of Buyer ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) whose registered office is at ] [ address ] [ and whose address for service in England and Wales is [ address ] ] (Buyer) 1 Definitions For this Agreement, the terms below shall mean: Actual Completion Date — the day when the Transfer is in fact completed; Buyer’s Solicitors —...

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Q&As
Can office‑holders accelerate an unmatured intra‑group loan?

When one company advances funds to another, the contractual provisions govern any restriction on repaying the loan before the ten-year period first contemplated. Should the lending company enter liquidation or administration, that circumstance, by itself, does not alter the contract’s terms. The office-holding insolvency practitioner should nevertheless review the agreement to determine whether it permits earlier repayment, or repayment on alternative terms, if the lending company goes into liquidation or administration. Although that may appear improbable, it remains possible, and the officeholder ought to explore every avenue to secure accelerated repayment of the borrowing. Absent an express clause to the contrary, the insolvency of the lender does not, of itself, accelerate the debt, and timing remains governed by the bargain. It would seem that the office-holding insolvency practitioner holds an appointment that must remain open for at least ten years before the loan can be discharged and a dividend distributed to creditors...

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