Key stage meaning

Introduction to freezing injunctions and scope of this checklist A freezing injunction (also known as a freezing order) is a temporary court order that prevents a respondent from disposing of or transferring its assets out of the relevant jurisdiction—namely England and Wales—or, in the case of a worldwide freezing order (WFO), from moving them anywhere in the world. The court’s principal aim in granting such relief is to preserve the respondent’s assets so that, if the applicant later obtains judgment against the respondent, there will be assets available for recovery by the applicant and, if necessary, enforcement action. This Checklist explains how to make an application for a freezing injunction where claims are contemplated or already underway in a corporate or personal insolvency context. As the precise circumstances of each matter must be assessed, this Checklist does not claim to be exhaustive; rather, it provides an overview of the key considerations at each stage when seeking an order of this kind. The focus throughout is asset preservation pending determination...

This Checklist pinpoints the principal provisions commonly found in a trade mark coexistence agreement. It may serve as a prompt for matters to address when preparing, assessing, or negotiating these arrangements. It can be relied upon as a list of points to review at drafting stage, during review, and throughout negotiations and sign-off process. It may equally be tailored as heads of terms to capture core positions whilst a full trade mark coexistence agreement is finalised. For help on doing so, see Precedent: Heads of terms—commercial contracts. For a model coexistence agreement, see Precedent: Trade mark coexistence agreement. For further detail on factors to weigh when drafting a coexistence agreement, see Practice Notes: Trade mark coexistence agreements and Negotiation guide—trade mark coexistence agreement. Checklist Points to consider Further information Notes (if any) (A) Key commercial considerations ☐ Parties Verify which entities will sign the agreement—specify who owns the trade marks (and related rights) and who is exploiting them. Confirm each party’s legal form and...

Use this checklist when representing the seller in the disposal of a registered freehold residential property, whether offered with vacant possession or burdened by a lease or multiple leases. It is not comprehensive and will not address every eventuality in every transaction. You should always consider if there are additional matters that require attention. It does not purport to be a complete guide for every case. Preliminary matters Have you taken instructions from the client? Robust due diligence and effective transaction management depend on a clear grasp of the seller’s objectives and the proposed sale terms. Obtain full instructions, and clarify any elements of your brief that are unclear or out of the ordinary. Consider whether further specialist input is required; for example, planning advice where completion is conditional upon planning permission being secured. The table below sets out some of the principal points on which instructions should be obtained at the outset. This list is not comprehensive, and you may need to request information about additional...

Stage 1—preparing to bring a claim and pre-action matters Guidance on infringement, defences, ownership, injunctions, running disputes, and the Business and Property Courts Disclosure Scheme; cease and desist precedent; timetable checklist; key forms; IP insurance. Stage 2—letter of claim alleging copyright infringement Guidance on infringement, drafting letters of claim, unjustified threats and remedies, with precedents for standard and peer‑to‑peer infringement letters. Stage 3—commencing proceedings Notes on infringement, secondary infringement, permitted acts, remedies, criminal offences, the Business and Property Courts and the Disclosure Scheme; pleadings/initial disclosure precedents; Disclosure/IPEC flow tools; CPR claim/defence/settlement/default forms. Stage 4—case management Guidance on running disputes, costs management and the Disclosure Scheme; checklist; Chancery, Patents Court and IPEC Guides; Mitchell v NGN; core case‑management and disclosure forms. Stage 5—disclosure and evidence Notes on e‑disclosure, witness statements and the Disclosure Scheme; PD 57AC for Business and Property Courts trial statements (not...

In this issue Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Renewable energy Nuclear energy Air emissions, efficiency, and climate change International energy LexTalk®Energy: a Lexis®Nexis community Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Electricity and gas market regulation and licensing Ofgem has confirmed changes to the Regulatory Financial Performance Reporting (RFPR) template and guidance for RIIO‑2, intended to sharpen and clarify what network licensees must report. The revisions apply from 28 June 2024 and follow Ofgem’s earlier notice proposing amendments to the RFPR template and guidance for RIIO‑2. See: LNB News 01/07/2024 9. Electricity Code Modifications: National Grid ESO’s Modification Tracker now brings together all live changes to the Connection and Use of System Code (CUSC), the Grid Code (GD), the System Owner -Transmission Owner Code (STC) and the Security and Quality Supply Standard (SQSS). The tracker outlines each proposal’s purpose, the stakeholders impacted, Panel views...

BC v BC [2025] EWFC 236 What are the practical implications of this case? The key takeaway for practitioners is to disregard paragraph 8 of the FRC Primary Principles, in particular its closing clause which states ‘and an assurance that offers were made on each side and an indication given’. Whether the FRC will issue a revised iteration of the Primary Principles to reflect Peel J’s ruling remains uncertain at this stage. Practitioners should likewise observe the effective bar on obliquely attributing fault for an unproductive pFDR by referring to a party having left the appointment after an indication was given, as such references amount to indirect blame. The ruling should, in turn, streamline the pFDR process and reduce the scope for satellite litigation that might otherwise follow, notably where no settlement is achieved. In essence, the only matters that should be disclosed are neutral particulars confirming that a pFDR has taken place, and nothing more. What was the background? The parties had taken part in...

In this issue Criminal procedure and evidence Appeal and judicial review Bribery, corruption, sanctions and export controls Consumer protection and cartels Environmental offences Food safety and hygiene offences Fraud, forgery, tax and theft offences Health and safety and corporate manslaughter offences Local authority prosecutions International Daily and weekly news alerts New and updated content Dates for your diary Trackers Useful information Criminal procedure and evidence Challenging the decision not to prosecute (R (on the application of Hillary Smith) v DPP) The High Court’s judgment in R (on the application of Hillary Smith) v Director of Public Prosecutions delivers notable guidance on three fronts: the weight to be attached to inquest conclusions when the Crown Prosecution Service’s (CPS) decides whether or not to bring a prosecution; the position the courts are likely to take in judicial review proceedings when scrutinising the reasonableness of the CPS’s application of the two-stage...

The Budget The Budget is a Parliamentary occasion where the Chancellor of the Exchequer delivers key statements on the national economy. It sets out the government’s tax intentions for the next year, and at times for later periods. Most measures due in the following tax year will already have been announced and consulted on in advance. Fresh announcements may arrive on Budget day—some, mainly anti-avoidance steps, take effect immediately. Others are scheduled to commence from a future date. The Budget also precedes the presentation of the Finance Bill to Parliament. In most years there is a single Finance Bill, though in some—such as those featuring a general election—there have been two or even three, as outlined below. Income tax and corporation tax are annual charges, so they can only be levied for a year (a tax year for income tax, or a financial year for corporation tax) where an Act of Parliament provides for them. Consequently, the government’s power to charge...

Heads of terms A business purchase (the target business) typically starts with settling the key commercial points—price, structure of the deal, due diligence steps, exclusivity provisions and timetable. These points are commonly negotiated by the parties themselves, or alongside their accountants and other professional advisers, and then set out in heads of terms, sometimes called a ‘letter of intent’ or ‘memorandum of understanding’. See Practice Note: Heads of terms—share and asset purchases. Where environmental risks are known or suspected, the heads of terms might cover: providing the buyer with any existing environmental report(s) a requirement for a reliance agreement or collateral warranty, giving the buyer the benefit of those report(s) a process allowing the buyer to undertake a phase 1 environmental audit or phase 2 ground investigations headline terms for an environmental indemnity or environmental insurance What happens during the preliminary phase?...

What is a planning performance agreement? (PPA) Planning performance agreements are voluntary memoranda of understanding or agreements between a planning applicant, the local planning authority (LPA) and, in some instances, other interested parties such as key statutory consultees. A PPA records agreed commitments on timescales, tasks and the resources to be applied to a particular planning submission. Functioning as a project management framework, it sets out the pathway for reaching a determination on the application. PPAs are commonly put in place before an application is lodged and may span every stage of the process, including pre-application. Although the emphasis is usually on the pre-application and application phases, a PPA can also extend into the post-application period, for example to govern how reserved matters or approvals of details will be dealt with. They might be documented as a simple memorandum of understanding or an exchange of letters, or entered into under section 111 of the Local Government Act 1972 (LGA 1972) (see Q&A: What is a section 111 agreement?)....

Use this in conjunction with our Decision-making guide, which outlines our organisation’s approach to decision-making and explains why we have such a process in place. We recognise that colleagues make decisions at work every day. We do not expect you to follow the Decision-making guide and this framework for minor or operational business decisions, though some of the principles in this framework may prove helpful in day-to-day practice. The Decision-making guide and framework should be applied whenever a significant business decision is required, so that such choices are grounded in evidence and logic. A significant business decision is one that [ insert your criteria, eg may have a significant effect on our business, operations, staff, customers or external stakeholders ], eg [ insert examples eg a decision to proceed with a key project or business initiative, a decision relating to a complex situation or that is likely to have a commercial impact ]. The full criteria for a significant business decision is set out in the Decision-making guide. This framework...

This Precedent assists you in recognising and managing challenges associated with planning and executing change across your department. It reviews the stages involved in delivering change and poses key questions to consider for each stage. A worked example of this Precedent is also available, see Precedent: Improving efficiency: Making changes across the department (worked example) 1. Create a sense of urgency Stage Questions/considerations How will employees become aware that change is necessary? How will they grasp how critical and time-sensitive it is? Solution/action ...

1 General information Project plan date [ Enter date ] Stage covered by this plan (e.g. pre-trial review or end of matter) [ Enter details ] Previous project plan date (if any) [ Enter date ] Prepared by [ Enter name of the person completing this plan ] 2 Matter information Client name(s) [ Enter client name(s) ] File reference number [ Enter file reference number ] Matter description (e.g. contract dispute) [ Enter brief outline ] Fee earner [ Enter fee earner’s name ] Supervisor [ Enter supervisor’s name ] Other notes, e.g. client vulnerabilities [ Enter any other comments ] 3 Critical dates Date [ Enter date ] — Description [ Enter description of key date, e.g. limitation date ] Date [ Enter date ] — Description [ Enter description of key date ] Date [ Enter date ] — Description [ Enter...